States of matter

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Matter is anything that has mass and volume

Question 2

What is the particulate theory?

Answer 2

1. All matter is composed of particles
2. Particles are in constant motion and temperature affects their speed of motion
3. The particles have empty spaces between them
4. Particles have force of attration between them

Question 3

What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?

Answer 3

1. Evaporation happens at a certain temperature while boiling can happen at any temperature
2. Evaporation occurs on the surface of the substance while boiling occurs all throughout the substance.

Question 4

What is an example of sublimation?

Answer 4

dry ice and moth balls

Question 5

What are the evidence to support the particulate theory of matter?

Answer 5

diffusion and osmosis

Question 6

What is diffusion?

Answer 6

The net movement of particles from and area of high to low concentration until the particles are evenly distributed.

Question 7

Describe the ammonium chloride experiment

Answer 7

When a cotton woll is soaked in concentrated ammonia solution and placed at the opposite ends of the tube a while ring of ammonium chloride is formed.

Question 8

Where does the white ring of ammonium chloride forms and whats the reason?

Answer 8

Because ammonia particles are lighter, they diffuse faster so the white ring is formed closer to the hydrochloric acid side.

Question 9

What is osmosis?

Answer 9

The movement of water molecules through a differentially permeable membrane from an area containing a lot of water molecules to an area of fewer water molecules.

Question 10

What are two uses of osmosis?

Answer 10

To control garden pests- Snails are slugs are pests whose skins are differentially permeable. When salt is sprinkled on them, water move out their bodies due to osmosis. They eventually die of dehydration.
To preserve food- salt and sugar can be used to preserve food like fish and fruits. When salt is sprinkled on them, water moves out of them. This prevents it from decaying since there is no water for chemical reactions to happen.

Question 11

What are the type of particles that make up matter?

Answer 11

Atoms
Ions
Molecules

Question 12

What are atoms?

Answer 12

Smallest unit of a chemical element and has all the characteristics of an element.

Question 13

What are molecules?

Answer 13

A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together and can exist on their own.

Question 14

What are ions?

Answer 14

electrically charged particles