Seperation Techniques Flashcards
What is filtration?
used to seperate solid and liquid particles. This is because in mixtures like suspensions the particles are big and cannot pass through the filter paper allowing it to be seperated.
Mixtures are filtrated due to?
due to different particle size
What is evaporation?
used to seperate and retain the solid solute from the liquid solvent in a solution. its used when the solid does not decompose on heating or if a solid without water of crystillization is required.
Solutions are evaportated due to?
differen boiling points
the boiling point of the solvent must be lower
What is crystillization?
used to seperate and retain the solid solute from the liquid solvent. Used of thr solid does decopose on heating or if solid containing water of crystillization is required.
What is crystillization seperated based on?
their different volatilities
solvent must be more volatile than solute
What is simple distillation?
used to seperate and retain the liquid solvent from the solid solute in a solution.
What does the simple distillation seperate based on?
their different boiling points
boiling point of the solvent must be lower
What is fractional distillation?
used to seperate two miscible liquids like ethanol and water
What does the fractional distillation seperate based on?
seperated based on boiling points that are closed together
What is the seperating funnel?
used to seperate two immiscible liquids like oil and water
what does the seperation funnel seperate based on?
densities
What is paper chromatagraphy?
used to seperate several solutes in a solution. usually coloured
How do you calculate the retention factor?
distance travelled by component/ distance travelled by solvent
