States of matter

Question 1

describe three words to describe the arrangement in solids

Answer 1

Arrangement/ movement/ proximity

regularly arranged/ vibrate in fixed position/ tightly packed

Question 2

describe three words to describe the arrangement in liquids

A/ M/ P

Answer 2

Arrangement/ movement/ proximity

Random order/ atoms can move and slide past each other/ in contact with each other

Question 3

describe three words to describe the arrangement in gases

A/ M/ P

Answer 3

Widely spread/ move randomly and freely/ rarely in contact

Question 4

Why are liquids less dense then solids

Answer 4

Because they have gaps between their particles, but solids are closely packed

Question 5

Which state of matter has the highest density and which one has the highest kinetic energy

Answer 5

Highest density is solid

Highest kinetic energy is gas

Question 6

Explain how melting occurs

Answer 6

• when you heat, particles begin to vibrate fast
• Begin to overcome forces of attraction
• Particles are able to move around each other

Question 7

When a liquid is converted to a solid is energy taken in or out

Answer 7

Energy taken out

Question 8

If I am heating an ice cube and it is not melting, what does this mean in terms of forces and energy

Answer 8

The energy in the forces of attraction of the ice cube are greater than that of the energy of the heat

Question 9

is the melting point equal to the freezing point or the boiling point?

Answer 9

The melting point is equal to the freezing point

Question 10

What is it called when a solid turns to a gas

Answer 10

Sublimation

Question 11

What is it called when a gas turns to a solid

Answer 11

Deposition

Question 12

Explain why evaporation is different to boiling

4

Answer 12

Because evaporation can occur at any temperature
happens bc fast moving particles on surface can over forces of attraction

Boiling occurs at certain temperatures
Bc when particles are heated so stringent that they lose forces of attraction

Question 13

Explain how condensation and evaporation take place in a closed container of liquid

Answer 13

• Because some particles are overcoming forces of attraction and becoming gases by evaporation
• but gas particles will be colliding with liquid particles
• if gas particles are moving slowly they will be condensing

Question 14

If movement of liquid particles are slowing down what does that mean

Answer 14

Becoming a solid

Question 15

Explain why there is no temperature change during states of matter

Answer 15

Because the energey is used up in breaking or strengthening forces of attraction

Question 16

Example of a substance that sublimes and it’s chemical name

Answer 16

Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide)

Question 17

Why can gases be compressed easily

Answer 17

Particles are spread out widely so there is space for them to pack together

Question 18

How is steam around a cold cup formed

Answer 18

The water vapor from the air is condensed as the temperature is so cold

Question 19

If a substances boiling point is below room temperature, what state of matter will it be at room temperature
(Imagine a time line thing in your head)

Answer 19

Gas

Question 20

When thinking of melting boiling point number line thing

What is the order

Answer 20

Solid< liquid < gas

Question 21

Explain how a solid changes to a liquid in terms of energy

Answer 21

• energy is being transferred to kinetic energy of particles
• particles internal thermal energy increases
• increase in internal energy causes bonds to break

Question 22

Difference between thermal energy and temperature

Think of bath tub and sparkler

Answer 22

Thermal energy depends on size of atoms

Temperature depends on how fast the atoms move

Question 23

If a solids temperature is increasing, is it melting or being heated

(Think of heating graphs)

Answer 23

Being heated

Because in melting there is not temperature change

Question 24

Describe changes that occur when a gas condenses (in terms of energy, arrangement and movement)

Answer 24

1) loses energy
2) particles are closer together, less space between them
3) particles move more slowly and less freely

(When they ask you what changes, make sure you say that is has become less or more this and that to show that it has Changed)

Question 25

What is ethene and what is poli ethene in terms of states of matter

Answer 25

Ethene is a gas

Polyethene is a solid

Question 26

Explain why heating a liquid causes it to evaporate Faster

Answer 26

1) energy of particles is increased

2) more energy allows forces of attraction to be overcome MORE often, thus separating them faster

Question 27

What is the change of state from ethene to poly ethene

Answer 27

Gas to solid

Question 28

Explain why heating a liquid causes particles to evaporate faster

Answer 28

Because the average kinetic energy of the particles increases
So more particles have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction

Question 29

Describe the movement of liquids
And then the movement of gases

Answer 29

Liquids: slide about each other
Gases: move quickly and freely, in random motion

Question 30

To determine the type of state of matter, this depends upon…(2)

Answer 30

The strength of the forces of attraction
The arrangement of particles

Question 31

The freezing point is the same as the…

Answer 31

Melting point

Question 32

Explain what happens in terms of energy and forces of attraction at the boiling and melting point

Answer 32

The particles have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction

Question 33

Explain what happens at the temperature when a substance freezes or condenses, in terms of energy and forces of attraction

Answer 33

This is the temperature at which The particles don’t have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction

Question 34

State of it has definite volume and shape for the three states of matter.

Answer 34

Solids: definite volume and shape
Liquids: definite volume, not definite shape
Gas: not definite volume + not definite shape