States of matter Flashcards
describe three words to describe the arrangement in solids
Arrangement/ movement/ proximity
regularly arranged/ vibrate in fixed position/ tightly packed
describe three words to describe the arrangement in liquids
A/ M/ P
Arrangement/ movement/ proximity
Random order/ atoms can move and slide past each other/ in contact with each other
describe three words to describe the arrangement in gases
A/ M/ P
Widely spread/ move randomly and freely/ rarely in contact
Why are liquids less dense then solids
Because they have gaps between their particles, but solids are closely packed
Which state of matter has the highest density and which one has the highest kinetic energy
Highest density is solid
Highest kinetic energy is gas
Explain how melting occurs
- when you heat, particles begin to vibrate fast
- Begin to overcome forces of attraction
- Particles are able to move around each other
When a liquid is converted to a solid is energy taken in or out
Energy taken out
If I am heating an ice cube and it is not melting, what does this mean in terms of forces and energy
The energy in the forces of attraction of the ice cube are greater than that of the energy of the heat
is the melting point equal to the freezing point or the boiling point?
The melting point is equal to the freezing point
What is it called when a solid turns to a gas
Sublimation
What is it called when a gas turns to a solid
Deposition
Explain why evaporation is different to boiling
4
Because evaporation can occur at any temperature
happens bc fast moving particles on surface can over forces of attraction
Boiling occurs at certain temperatures
Bc when particles are heated so stringent that they lose forces of attraction
Explain how condensation and evaporation take place in a closed container of liquid
- Because some particles are overcoming forces of attraction and becoming gases by evaporation
- but gas particles will be colliding with liquid particles
- if gas particles are moving slowly they will be condensing
If movement of liquid particles are slowing down what does that mean
Becoming a solid
Explain why there is no temperature change during states of matter
Because the energey is used up in breaking or strengthening forces of attraction
Example of a substance that sublimes and it’s chemical name
Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide)
Why can gases be compressed easily
Particles are spread out widely so there is space for them to pack together
How is steam around a cold cup formed
The water vapor from the air is condensed as the temperature is so cold
If a substances boiling point is below room temperature, what state of matter will it be at room temperature
(Imagine a time line thing in your head)
Gas
When thinking of melting boiling point number line thing
What is the order
Solid< liquid < gas
Explain how a solid changes to a liquid in terms of energy
- energy is being transferred to kinetic energy of particles
- particles internal thermal energy increases
- increase in internal energy causes bonds to break
Difference between thermal energy and temperature
Think of bath tub and sparkler
Thermal energy depends on size of atoms
Temperature depends on how fast the atoms move
If a solids temperature is increasing, is it melting or being heated
(Think of heating graphs)
Being heated
Because in melting there is not temperature change
Describe changes that occur when a gas condenses (in terms of energy, arrangement and movement)
1) loses energy
2) particles are closer together, less space between them
3) particles move more slowly and less freely
(When they ask you what changes, make sure you say that is has become less or more this and that to show that it has Changed)
What is ethene and what is poli ethene in terms of states of matter
Ethene is a gas
Polyethene is a solid
Explain why heating a liquid causes it to evaporate Faster
1) energy of particles is increased
2) more energy allows forces of attraction to be overcome MORE often, thus separating them faster
What is the change of state from ethene to poly ethene
Gas to solid
Explain why heating a liquid causes particles to evaporate faster
Because the average kinetic energy of the particles increases
So more particles have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction
Describe the movement of liquids
And then the movement of gases
Liquids: slide about each other
Gases: move quickly and freely, in random motion
To determine the type of state of matter, this depends upon…(2)
The strength of the forces of attraction
The arrangement of particles
The freezing point is the same as the…
Melting point
Explain what happens in terms of energy and forces of attraction at the boiling and melting point
The particles have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction
Explain what happens at the temperature when a substance freezes or condenses, in terms of energy and forces of attraction
This is the temperature at which The particles don’t have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction
State of it has definite volume and shape for the three states of matter.
Solids: definite volume and shape
Liquids: definite volume, not definite shape
Gas: not definite volume + not definite shape
