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chemistry > Extraction of Metals/ Electrolysis P2 > Flashcards

Extraction of Metals/ Electrolysis P2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ore?

A

A rock that consists of high enough content of minerals to be extracted

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2
Q

What form are most naturally occuring metals in?

A

In the form of an oxide

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3
Q

What process do metals above carbon need to be extracted by and why

A

Electrolysis
Because they can not be reduced by carbon as they are more reactive than carbon

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4
Q

What are two economic factors that are considered when finding the right technique for metal extraction

A

The cost of energy
The cost of the reducing agent ( like carbon )

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5
Q

What is the process that metals above carbon require and name two solutions it uses

A

Electrolysis
With molten chloride
Or molten oxide

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6
Q

What method do elements below carbon use for extraction

A

Reduction with carbon

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7
Q

Why is aluminium extracted by electrolysis and iron is extracted with reduction

A

Reduction is less expensive so because Iron is less reactive than carbon
carbon can be used as a reducing agent for iron,
But aluminium is more reactive than iron so carbon can not remove elelctrons from it

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8
Q

Which equipment is used when carbon is used for extraction of metals

A

A blast furnace

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9
Q

How are unreactive metals found naturally

A

As an uncombined element (native)

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10
Q

Fill in the blanks with either:
Simple molecular
Giant molecular
Giant ionic
Giant covalent
Or giant ionic compounds

——do not conduct electricty when solid or liquid, and have a low melting point

___do not conduct electricity when solid or liquid but have a high melting point

—-conduct electric when solid and liquid and have a high melting point

—-do not conduct escorts when solid, conduct electricty when liquid and have a high boiling point

A

Simple molecular
Giant covalent
Giant metallic
Giant ionic

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11
Q

What is a native element

A

An element that naturally exists as an uncombined element

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12
Q

What are the two processes called thst are used to extract metals

A

Electolysis
And roasting with carbon

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13
Q

Which three elements can be used for the process of roasting with carbon

A

Zinc
Iron
Copper

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14
Q

In the process of roasting carbon to extract iron, which elements are being oxidized and which elements are being reduced

A

Iron is reduced
Carbon is oxidized

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15
Q

What is the word equation for the extraction of iron (iii) oxide with carbon

A

Iron (iii) oxide + carbon ——-) iron + carbon monoxide

Remember that only if iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide, then the end product will be carbon dioxide

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16
Q

In reality, which two elements reduce iron (iii) oxide

A

Carbon
Carbon monoxide

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17
Q

When iron is extracted using carbon monoxide, write the word equation

A

Iron (iii) oxide + carbon monoxide ——) iron + carbon dioxide

18
Q

Write the balanced symbol equation with state symbols for the reaction between iron (iii) oxide and carbon

A

Fe2O3 (s) + 3C (g) ——) 2Fe (l) + 3CO (g)

19
Q

Is it possible to extract metals lower than carbon with electrolysis

A

It is possible, but would be too expensive so using reduction of carbon is better

20
Q

Why is aluminum oxide electrolysed with cryolte rather than just using molten aluminum oxide

A

Would require more heat which would use more energy and would be more expensive.
Cryolite lowers the melting point

21
Q

What is an alloy

A

A mixture of a metal with other metals or carbon

22
Q

Why are alloys harder than other metals

A

Because the atoms are all different sizes
So this distorts the regular lattice arrangement
And makes it difficult for them to slide over each other

23
Q

Give two examples of alloys of metal

A

Steel
Brass

24
Q

Give three properties of the alloy of aluminium that make it desirable in manufacturing

A

-resists corrosion
-conducts electricty easily
-low density

25
Q

Why does aluminum resist corrosion

A

Because it has a thin strong layer of aluminum oxide coating it

26
Q

Describe four properties of mild steel

A

-very hard
-ductile and malleable
-rusts easily
-very dense

27
Q

Describe three properties of high carbon steel

A

Very hard
Doesnt wear out very easily
Brittle

28
Q

Describe 2 properties of stainless steal

A

Does not corrode
Expensive

29
Q

Describe 3 properties of aluminum

A

-less dense
-conducts electricty
-does not corrode

30
Q

Give 4 properties of copper

A
  • conducts electricity
    -conducts heat
    -unreactive
    -malleable and ductile
31
Q

Give one advantage of having a mild steel car and one advantage of having an aluminum car

A

Mild steel car is much harder
But aluminum car is not corrosive

32
Q

Why is an aluminum car better in terms of being more sustainable in comparison to a mild steel car

A

Aluminum car is less dense so is lighter and will need less fuel supplied to it

33
Q

Guve two properties of copper that explain why it is used for water pipes

A

Unreactive
Ductile

34
Q

Why is an aluminum alloy better than pure aluminum for an aircraft

A

Because the alloy has different sized atoms so it distruots the regular ionic lattice and it makes it difficult for layers of ions to slide over each other

35
Q

Why is mild steel used instead of high carbon steel for carbodies

A

Because mild steel is harder and more malleable and high carbon steel is brittle

36
Q

Give an example of something that uses high carbon steel

A

Cutting tools

37
Q

Give 2 examples of things that use aluminum

A

Pans and car bodies
(Because aluminum is light and does not rust)

38
Q

Give 2 examples of things that use stainless steel

A

Kitchen sinks
Carbodies

39
Q

Give two examples of things that use copper

A

Wires
Pots

40
Q

State one thing that each of the alloys of iron are used for:
(Mild steel, Hugh carbon steel, stainless steel)

A

Mike’s steel: car bodies
High carbon steel: bridges, cutting tools
Stainless steel: cutlery

chemistry (18 decks)

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