Extraction of Metals/ Electrolysis P2 Flashcards
What is an ore?
A rock that consists of high enough content of minerals to be extracted
What form are most naturally occuring metals in?
In the form of an oxide
What process do metals above carbon need to be extracted by and why
Electrolysis
Because they can not be reduced by carbon as they are more reactive than carbon
What are two economic factors that are considered when finding the right technique for metal extraction
The cost of energy
The cost of the reducing agent ( like carbon )
What is the process that metals above carbon require and name two solutions it uses
Electrolysis
With molten chloride
Or molten oxide
What method do elements below carbon use for extraction
Reduction with carbon
Why is aluminium extracted by electrolysis and iron is extracted with reduction
Reduction is less expensive so because Iron is less reactive than carbon
carbon can be used as a reducing agent for iron,
But aluminium is more reactive than iron so carbon can not remove elelctrons from it
Which equipment is used when carbon is used for extraction of metals
A blast furnace
How are unreactive metals found naturally
As an uncombined element (native)
Fill in the blanks with either:
Simple molecular
Giant molecular
Giant ionic
Giant covalent
Or giant ionic compounds
——do not conduct electricty when solid or liquid, and have a low melting point
___do not conduct electricity when solid or liquid but have a high melting point
—-conduct electric when solid and liquid and have a high melting point
—-do not conduct escorts when solid, conduct electricty when liquid and have a high boiling point
Simple molecular
Giant covalent
Giant metallic
Giant ionic
What is a native element
An element that naturally exists as an uncombined element
What are the two processes called thst are used to extract metals
Electolysis
And roasting with carbon
Which three elements can be used for the process of roasting with carbon
Zinc
Iron
Copper
In the process of roasting carbon to extract iron, which elements are being oxidized and which elements are being reduced
Iron is reduced
Carbon is oxidized
What is the word equation for the extraction of iron (iii) oxide with carbon
Iron (iii) oxide + carbon ——-) iron + carbon monoxide
Remember that only if iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide, then the end product will be carbon dioxide
In reality, which two elements reduce iron (iii) oxide
Carbon
Carbon monoxide
When iron is extracted using carbon monoxide, write the word equation
Iron (iii) oxide + carbon monoxide ——) iron + carbon dioxide
Write the balanced symbol equation with state symbols for the reaction between iron (iii) oxide and carbon
Fe2O3 (s) + 3C (g) ——) 2Fe (l) + 3CO (g)
Is it possible to extract metals lower than carbon with electrolysis
It is possible, but would be too expensive so using reduction of carbon is better
Why is aluminum oxide electrolysed with cryolte rather than just using molten aluminum oxide
Would require more heat which would use more energy and would be more expensive.
Cryolite lowers the melting point
What is an alloy
A mixture of a metal with other metals or carbon
Why are alloys harder than other metals
Because the atoms are all different sizes
So this distorts the regular lattice arrangement
And makes it difficult for them to slide over each other
Give two examples of alloys of metal
Steel
Brass
Give three properties of the alloy of aluminium that make it desirable in manufacturing
-resists corrosion
-conducts electricty easily
-low density
Why does aluminum resist corrosion
Because it has a thin strong layer of aluminum oxide coating it
Describe four properties of mild steel
-very hard
-ductile and malleable
-rusts easily
-very dense
Describe three properties of high carbon steel
Very hard
Doesnt wear out very easily
Brittle
Describe 2 properties of stainless steal
Does not corrode
Expensive
Describe 3 properties of aluminum
-less dense
-conducts electricty
-does not corrode
Give 4 properties of copper
- conducts electricity
-conducts heat
-unreactive
-malleable and ductile
Give one advantage of having a mild steel car and one advantage of having an aluminum car
Mild steel car is much harder
But aluminum car is not corrosive
Why is an aluminum car better in terms of being more sustainable in comparison to a mild steel car
Aluminum car is less dense so is lighter and will need less fuel supplied to it
Guve two properties of copper that explain why it is used for water pipes
Unreactive
Ductile
Why is an aluminum alloy better than pure aluminum for an aircraft
Because the alloy has different sized atoms so it distruots the regular ionic lattice and it makes it difficult for layers of ions to slide over each other
Why is mild steel used instead of high carbon steel for carbodies
Because mild steel is harder and more malleable and high carbon steel is brittle
Give an example of something that uses high carbon steel
Cutting tools
Give 2 examples of things that use aluminum
Pans and car bodies
(Because aluminum is light and does not rust)
Give 2 examples of things that use stainless steel
Kitchen sinks
Carbodies
Give two examples of things that use copper
Wires
Pots
State one thing that each of the alloys of iron are used for:
(Mild steel, Hugh carbon steel, stainless steel)
Mike’s steel: car bodies
High carbon steel: bridges, cutting tools
Stainless steel: cutlery
