Reactivity Series Reactions (water/acid/metal oxide/ aqeous metal salts) Flashcards
What is the general word equation of the reaction between a metal and water
Metal + water ——) metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Which elements of the reacitivity series react with water
The elements above hydrogen
When a metal reacts with steam, what is produced
Metal oxide and hydrogen
Do metals that are directly above hydrogen like (zinc or iron) react with water? And if not, how could the reaction be made faster
Do not react
Unless water is heated into steam
What is the general word equation for the reaction between a metal and an acid
Metal + acid ——-) metal salt + hyrdogen
What is the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid
Magnesium + hydrochloric acid ———) Magnesium chloride + hydrogen
What is the word equation for the reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid
Zinc + sulfuric acid ——-) zinc sulphate + hydrogen
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between iron and sulfuric acid
Fe + H2SO4 ———) FeSO4 + H2
How slow or fast is the reaction of calcium, magnesium and aluminium is with water
Very slow
Give an example of two metals that dont react with cold water but will react with steam
Zinc and iron
Describe an experiment how you could test how magnesium reacts with water
Place magnesium in a test tube with soaked cotton wool with water
Heat it, and mineral wool turns to steam
Name a metal that reacts mildly with cold water but vigorously with steam
Magnesium
Why is the reaction of aluminum and water very slow
Because aluminum is covered in a layer of aluminum hydroxide
When putting metals in acid, what kind of reaction is this
Exothermic reaction
What three metals can you use in the experiment to test the reaction between metals and acid
Magnesium, Zinc, iron
Give three observations when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid
- Vigorous fizzing
- colourless solution
- very hot test tubw
Give three observations when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid
- Fizzing
- colourless solution
- warm test tube
Which metal out of the three metals used in the experiment to test the reactivty of metals in hydrochloric acid gives a solution that is not colourless
Iron
Give three observations when iron reacts with hydrochloric acid
- slow fizzing
- pale green solution
- slightly warm test tube
How does surface area of a metal in the hydrochloric acid metal reaction affect the speed
The smaller the surface area the faster the rate of reaction
How does the speed of the reaction affect the temperature change
slower the reaction,
More heat will be given to surroundings because it is longer period of time
So water will be less heated
So less temperatyee change
How can you test for any gases given off
Use a lighted splint
What is the general word equation for the reaction between a metal and an acid
Metal+ acid——-) metal salt + hydrogen
When magnesium reacts with copper sulphate solution, what is the solution and why
Magnesium sulphate + copper
Because the magnesium is more reactive so it displaces the copper
State the product of magnesium + copper sulphate
And descibre the colour change
Magnesium sulphate + copper
Blue solution to colourless
(Copper sulphate colour and then magnesium sulphate)
(Reaction between more reactive metal and less reactive rather than between metal and acid)
In the displacement reaction between magnesium + copper sulphate, what happens to the copper at the end of the reaction
It is displaced by the magnesium and so coats the magnesium and sinks to the bottom
Use the reactivity series to Predict whether manganese( a metal between akuminum and zinc with a pale purple colour) will react with copper sulphate solution and if it will, write the equation and describe what you would see
Will react
Manganese + Copper sulphate solution ——-) manganese sulphate + copper
blue solution to very pale purple (almost colourless)
What colour is copper sulphate solution
Blue
Is there any type of magnesium that has atleast a slight reaction with cold water?
Pure ribbon of magnesium
What is the difference between when iron reacts with acid and when it reacts with cold water
Reacts with acid, slow fizzing, green colour, and slightly warm
But does not react with cold water unless in the form of steam
Write the balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the reaction between lead and silver nitrate
Pb+ 2AgNO3——) Pb(NO3)2 +Ag
Oxidizing agent definition:
A substance that oxidizes anither substance by taking electrons away from it
What is the most common alloy of iron
Steel
Which two elements does the term rusting only apply to
Iron and steel
What is the role of salty water in a test tube containing iron that is unsealed
Acts as a catalyst to speed the reaction
If i boil the water in a test tube containing iron that is sealed with a bung, will rusting take place and why or why not
Rusting will not take place
Because there is no oxygen present as the boiled water removes dissolved oxygen
Do only iron and steel corrode?
No
Other metals corrdoe too
Explain why galvanizing is better than a barrier method
With galvanizing, the iron does not rust even if the layer of zinc is scrathed away,
because zinc is more reactive than iron so it will react instead of iron
But if the barrier layer is scratched, the iron can still rust
What is a barrier method
A method that prevents oxygen or water reacting with iron by coating the iron in a different layer
Give four examples of substances that can be used for the barrier method
Plastic, grease, paint or oil
What is galvanization?
The process of coating iron or steal with a protective layer of zinc to prevent rusting
What is sacrficial protection
Process of attaching a more reactive metal to a less reactuve metal to prevent the less reactuve metal from corroding
Write the balnced symbol equation with state symbols for the proccess of rusting
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) + XH20(l) ——) 2Fe2O3.XH2O(s)
Write the oxidation, reduction and redox reaction for rust
What is the chemical name for rust
Hydrated iron(iii) oxide
How can rusting destriy a metal
Bceause it can flake off a surface
Which once peeled removes a new fresh layer
Which continuously flakes off
In the reaction of the production for hydrated (iii) iron oxide, which element is being oxidized and which element is being reduced and what is the spectator ions
Iron is being oxidized
Oxygen is being reduced
H2O is the spectator ion
When water reacts with copper sulphate, what is the colour change
White —-) blue
Copper is added to hydrochloric acid but there is no temperature change. Explain why this is
Because copper does not react with hydrochloric acid
melting point of calcium=850
MP of calcium fluoride = 1418
Mp of neodymium= 1024
Neodymium fluoride= 1410
If the temperature in a container is 1100
Which two substances are solids at this point?
Calcium fluoride
Neodymium fluoride
Mixture of aluminium powder and iron (iii) oxide is an exothermic reaction. This reaction can be used where the iron is turned molten and put into moulds for joints.
Why is the iron molten?
Because it has reached its melting point
When measuring a temperature change, why is it better to keep the number of moles the same rather than the number of grams?
Because number of moles =how many particles are present,
so if more particles are present in one substance, more heat would be given off
Making it an unreliable test
What type of reaction is the reaction between copper and silver nitrate
Displacement reaction
In an experiment with zinc and hydrochloric acid, explain how increases the mass will affect the experiment and how increasing the temperature will increase the experiment
Increasing mass means more volume of hydrogen given off
Increasing temperature means a faster rate of reaction
Copper is placed into a test tube with hydrochloric acid but there is not temperature change. Explain why
Because copper does not react with hydrochloric acid.
DO NOT SAY BC COPPER IS UNREACTIVE
If I use the same mass of magnesium but react with it a larger volume of acid, explain what happens in terms of temperature change
Less of a temperature change because larger volume of water for heat to travel through
