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AP Psych > States of Consciousness > Flashcards

States of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

The process underlying the mental model we create of the world of which we are aware.

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2
Q

3 main functions of consciousness

A

restricts our attention, provides us with mental “meeting place”, allows us to create a mental model of the world

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3
Q

Biological Rhythms

A

Periodic physiological fluctuations which affect body processes like temperature, blood pressure, and the effectiveness of medicines.

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4
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

Occur once during a 24 hour period.
Ex. Sleep-wake cycle

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5
Q

Ultradian Rhythms

A

Occur more than once a day.

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6
Q

Infradian Rhythms

A

Occur once a month or a season.

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7
Q

sleep theories

A

sleep protects us-evolutionary theory
Sleep helps us recuperate-repairs brain tissue
Sleeping to remember-helps rebuild our fading memories
Sleep to grow-during deep sleep the pituitary gland releases a growth hormone

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8
Q

Alpha Waves

A

slow waves of a relaxed, awake brain

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9
Q

Theta Waves

A

In-between waves (N-REM 2)

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10
Q

Delta Waves

A

large, slow waves of deep sleep

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11
Q

Hallucinations

A

false sensory experiences

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12
Q

when do spindles occur

A

nrem2

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13
Q

REM sleep

A

A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur

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14
Q

Effects of Sleep Loss

A

fatigue
impaired concentration
depressed immune system
greater vulnerability to accidents

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15
Q

insomnia

A

recurring problems fallling or staying asleep

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16
Q

sleep apnea

A

a sleep disorder characterized by a temporary stoppage in breathing forcing the person to wake

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17
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.

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18
Q

Sleepwalking

A

The sleepwalker can walk, talk and see, but will have little or no memory of the event when they wake up

19
Q

Night Terrors

A

A sleep related problem characterized by high alertness and an appearance of being terrified.

20
Q

Bruxism

A

Teeth grinding

21
Q

Myoclonus

A

Sudden movement or flinch of a body part occurring in Stage 1 or 2

22
Q

manifest content

A

the dream’s story line

23
Q

latent content

A

the (supposed) symbolic meaning

24
Q

Information Processing

A

An important memory-related function of sorting and sifting through the day’s experiences.

25
Q

Physiological function

A

Neural activity during REM sleep which provides necessary brain stimulation and growth

26
Q

Activation-synthesis

A

Our brain’s attempt to make sense of random neural firings in various parts of our brain

27
Q

Cognitive Theory

A

Dream are the embodiment of thoughts

28
Q

Hypnosis

A

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another person (the subject) that certain perceptions, cognitions or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

29
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

30
Q

Physical dependence

A

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

31
Q

Psychological dependence

A

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

32
Q

Addiction

A

compulsive drug craving and use, despite consequences

33
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that reduce neural activity
Slow body functions alcohol, barbiturates, opiates

34
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that excite neural activity
Speed up body functions
caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine

35
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
LSD, THC

36
Q

Alcohol- depressant

A

Disinhibition
Slowed neural processing
Memory disruption
Reduced self awareness

37
Q

Barbiturates- depressant

A

Tranquilizers
Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment
Nembutal, Seconal—produce sleep, reduce anxiety

38
Q

Opiates- depressant

A

Brains own opiate= endorphins
Heroin
Medically prescribed for pain reducing (narcotics)–morphine, codeine, methadone
Opiates depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
Highly addictive

39
Q

Nicotine- Stimulant

A

Stimulating and highly addictive drug in tobacco

40
Q

Amphetamines- stimulant

A

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
Parent drug to methamphetamines–chemically similar, has greater effect
Results in short term energy and euphoria
Eventually reduces baseline dopamine level, leaving user permanently depressed
Cocaine–derived from cocoa plants, produces temporary alertness and euphoria

41
Q

caffeine (stimulant)

A

World’s most widely consumed psychoactive substance
Mild dose lasts 3 to 4 hours—coffees, teas, soft drinks
Reduces sleep, produces tolerance

42
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA) hallucinogen

A

Synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen
Releases dopamine and serotonin—blocks reabsorption of serotonin—thus prolonging feel good flow
Both short-term and long-term health risks

43
Q

LSD hallucinogen

A

Similar neurotransmitter serotonin
A powerful hallucinogenic drug
Also known as acid

44
Q

THC hallucinogen

A

The major active ingredient in marijuana, triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

AP Psych (8 decks)

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