State & Federal Oversight For Disease Prevention & Eradication Flashcards
State and Federal agencies/employees that participate in maintaining livestock health in the U.S.
State:
- Dept. of Agriculture
- Dept. of Health
- Laboratory networks
Federal:
- US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- Animal and Plant Health inspection (APHIS)
- Department of Homeland Security
- Center for Disease Control (CDC)
- Military
What are state Vets responsible for?
- protecting animal health and wellbeing in the states they serve
- enforce regulations pertaining to animal import permits and animal welfare
- ensuring the safety of meat and poultry products intended for human consumption
What is epidemiology?
The study of distribution and determinants of health-related events (including disease) and application of this study to control diseases and other health problems
What is the USDA responsible for?
- Animal disease surveillance
- disease eradication programs
- veterinary accreditation
- animal health monitoring
- endorsement of health certificates
One-Health approach
Working at local, national, and global levels to achieve optimal health and well-being outcomes and recognizing the connection between animals, plants, and humans, and their shared environment
International Collaboration in One Health includes:
World Health Organization (WHO)
Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)
World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)
What is a reportable disease?
A disease that, by law, must be reported to a state/and or federal animal or public health officials when it is SUSPECTED or DIAGNOSED
Why is reporting diseases important?
It helps identify disease outbreaks, limit the spread and minimize any economic and health impacts
what is disease surveillance?
ongoing systematic collection, collation, analysis, and interpretation of data and dissemination of information to those who need to know so that action can be taken.
What is bioterrorism?
the deliberate use of pathogens to cause illness/death in people or animals
What is considered Category A diseases?
Highest priority bc they can cause result in major public destruction, high mortality rates
What are some examples of category A diseases
Anthrax, ebola, smallpox, and plague
What kind of regulations are there for import/export
- CVI
- Permanent identification
- Permit for entry
- Additional testing, vaccination, or certificate
What is a CVI?
Certificate of Veterinary Inspection
What does a CVI indicate?
Animal is VISIBLY free of disease, cannot be 100% confirmed disease FREE
Disease control
reduction of disease incidence and prevalence, morbidity/mortality are at a locally acceptable level
What is incidence?
The number of new cases within a time period
What is prevalence?
total number of cases during a given time period
What is disease elimination?
Reduction to zero of incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts
Eradication of disease
Permanent reduction to zero of worldwide incidence
What are some US disease control and eradication programs?
A combination of testing, culling, and vaccination
National Poultry Improvement Plan
National Scrapie Eradication Program
Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Eradication Program
Pseudorabies
What is Rinderpest?
All even-toed ungulates are susceptible
Fever, discharge, swelling
Has a high mortality
Typically spread by direct contact
Has been eradicated
