state board review 4 Flashcards
what body system do vascular lesions involve?
circulatory
What type of lesions are lesions in the early stages of development or change?
Primary
What type of lesions change the structure of tissues and organs?
Secondary
Where do steatomas usually appear?
Scalp, neck, and back
What color dye is common allergen that causes allergic contact dermatitis?
Red
What causes the itchy feeling that often accompanies contact dermatits?
Histamines
What is the biggest external cause of pigmentation disorders?
sun exposure
what color pigmentation is associated with pregnancy mask?
brown
How often should people visit a physician to check for cancerous lesions?
once a year
What statement about acne is true?
acne is heredity
where are sebaceous filaments often found?
nose
What does adrenaline help the body to do?
cope with stressful events
What is NOT an example of a food that can irritate acne?
apples
What grade of acne is cystic acne?
IV
What is a potential side effect of using tretinoin (retin-a)?
Photosensitivity
what can cause skin conditions?
both internal and external factors
why are the acid mantle and barrier function not as healthy in dry skin?
lack of lipids
what beverage causes dehydrated skin?
coffee
what skin type is indicated by larger, visible follicles over most of the face?
oily
what type of skin is characterized by fragile, thin skin and redness?
sensitive
what statement about fitzpatrick type III skin is true?
the hair and eye color for this skin type vary
what fitzpatrick skin type is common among people of middle eastern descent?
type V
what skin type on the glogau scale shows wrinkles at rest and is specific to people in their 40s and 50s?
type III
What Rubin classification includes superficial pigment and changes in the epidermis
level 1
What is NOT one of the most common skin conditions estheticians see today
vitiligo
what condition is characterized by redness and distended capillaries caused by a weakening of the capillary walls?
telangiectasia
Oiliness of the skin
seborrhea
Main external cause of aging
sun damage
Strength or intensity of sunlight exposure
dosage
what statement about UVB radiation is true?
is has more energy than UVA radiation
SPF _____is recommended when selecting sunscreen
30
NOT a recommended habit for maintaining healthy skin
eat foods containing preservatives
type of treatments contraindicated for clients with epilepsy
electrotherapy and phototherapy
Record of all your notes from client skin analysis, products used and home care recommendation
client chart
NOT a focus of skin analysis
skin care products the client uses at home
what is NOT a characteristic of mineral oil?
preservatives must be added to keep it fresh and potent over time
What is a characteristic of fatty alcohols?
Wax-like consistency.
What are the main types of surfactants used in skin-cleansing products?
Detergents.
What type of color agent is zinc oxide?
Exempt color.
What are alpha hydroxy acids and beta hydroxy acids commonly used as?
Exfoliants
What term refers to ingredients designed to dissolve keratin proteins on the surface of the skin to make it softer and smoother?
Enzymes.
What is NOT a function of antioxidants?
Promoting the development of free radicals.
What is an example of an inorganic physical sunscreen?
Titanium dioxide.
How must ingredients be listed on cosmetic labels?
Descending order of predominance.
How should products be stored to make them last longer?
in dark containers in cooler temperatures
What term refers to closed-lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, targeting their delivery to
specific tissues of the skin?
liposomes
What substance is an inorganic salt used as a buffering agent, neutralizer, and pH adjuster?
sodium bicarbonate
What is NOT a property of urea?
acts as a sunscreen
What is a primary benefit of a carrot?
antioxidant
What is licorice used for?
treating sensitive skin
What ingredient cools skin, constricts capillaries, has refreshing properties, and contains menthol?
peppermint
What is an example of an essential oil that is used as an astringent?
orange
What is the primary property of sandalwood oil?
soothing
What is a primary property of eucalyptus?
stimulating
What is an example of a plant that has healing properties?
chamomile
What is NOT a benefit of honey?
soothing
What is an example of a mildly comedogenic cosmetic ingredient?
lanolin
What is an example of a moderately comedogenic cosmetic ingredient?
peanut oil
What is an example of a noncomedogenic cosmetic ingredient?
petrolatum
What is NOT an example of an ingredient recommended for use on mature skin and rosacea?
rosemary oil
What statement about skin cleansers is true?
They may contain ingredients to counteract various skin problems
What term refers to a detergent-type “foaming” cleanser with a neutral or slightly acidic pH?
cleansing gel
What do paraffin masks do?
plump and soften the skin
How often should moisturizers be used?
twice a day
How often should clients exfoliate at home?
once or twice a week
You should never work on any skin condition you do not recognize
true
Estheticians are trained to diagnose and treat skin disorders and diseases
false
Acne pustules in hair follicles are infectious
false
A closed comedo forms when the openings of the follicles are blocked with debris and white cells
true
Sebaceous hyperplasia leisions can be removed by exyractions
false
Anhidrosis requires medical treatment
true
Folliculitis is a common condition in men
true
Psoriasis can be spread by irritating the affected area
true
An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system mistakes a toxic substance for a nontoxic substance
false
Initial exposure to an allergen does not always cause an allergic reaction
true
A tan is basically visible skin and cell damage
true
If a client has a hair in a mole, you should simply pluck it out
false
Skin cancer risk increases woth cumulative UV sun exposure
true
Tanning in a tanning bed is considered a safe way to tan
False
Malignant melanoma cannot metastasize
False
Infrequent, intense UV exposure may cause a higher risk for melanoma than chronic continuous exposure does
true
Bacteria in the follicles can only live if oxygen is present
False
Sebum soothes the follicles, preventing inflammation
false
Adult acne is more common in males than females
false
Moisturizers and sunscreens that are oil in water emulsions are preferred over those that are water in oil emulsions
true
Skin analysis should always be performed after you have provided a treatment
false
Skin analysis can be a good marketing tool to introduce services and products to clients
true
People are born with skin type
false
skin types cannot change overtime
false
skin that needs moisture tends to absorb products quickly
true
combo skin requires less care than normal skin does
false
Sensitive skin is easily irritated by products and by exposure to heat or sun
true
It is possible to over cleanse the skin
true
Darker skin types contain more melanin
true
Black skin has a greater number of melanocytes than Caucasian skin
false
Beaming through glass weakens UVA radiation
false
You may not legally ask a client about contagious disease
true
You should not perform extractions on a client who takes blood thinners
true
Treatments generally have positive benefits beneath the surface of clients skin even if the effects are not instantly visible
true
Estheticians cannot make claims that a product or treatment can affect the structure or function of the skin.
true
the FDA requires that a cosmetic product cannot be labeled “organic” if it contains any preservatives
false
It can be difficult to predict how a certain product will work for an individual because product testing varies and product chemistry is complicated.
true
all emollients and oils are comedogenic
false
without emulsifiers, oil and water would separate into layers
true
essential oils are often used for their natural fragrance
true
sun protection is unnecessary when using chemical exfoliants
false
a well-planned skin care program can reverse major damage caused by aging
false
skin contains its own natural epidermal growth factors (EPGs)
true
Peptides are highly irritating and should never be applied to aging skin
false
a physician must be treating anyone using retinoids
true
Physical sunscreens are orgnic compounds that chemically absorb ultraviolet radiation.
false
Certain synthetic ingredients are effective cell renewal stimulats.
true
Products that are considered “green” are less sustainable than traditional products
false
If the client complains of burning after you have applied a product to the skin, you should immediately remove the product and rinse the skin with cold water.
true
All alcoholds used in cosmetic products are drying.
false
Synthetically produced oils have the same or greater therapuetic value than natural oils.
false
Pure oils are powerful and can irritate the skin or the senses if overused.
true
The body’s olfactory system gives us our sense of touch.
false
Exfoliating the skin can treat a variety of skin problems and is necessary for healthy skin.
true
Unlike enzymes, AHAs digest only the dead cells on the surface of the skin.
false
Gel masks should only be used on normal or oily skin.
false
Algae and seaweed masks are commonly retailed for home use.
false
Eye creams are usually thicker to protect thin delicate tissue
true
Moisturizers are formulated with humectants that attract water to tge skin
false
Oil free light lotions that will not clog pores are available for oily skins
true
With sunscreen doubling the SPF from 15 to 30 doubles the protection
false
Most self tanners offer sunscreen protection
false
Retailing products is soley about making sales
false
Knowing the daily skin care steps for maintaining healthy skin is necessary in making product recommendations
true
A chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands. Characterized by comedones and blemishes.
acne
epidermal cysts, small firm papules with no visible opening, whitish pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin with no visible openings, often mistakenly called whiteheads. Usually hardened and closed over.
milia
lack of pigment
hypopigmentation
A noninflammed buildup of cells, sebum and other debris inside follicles.
comedone
a physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.
Dermatologist
prohibit a treatment
contraindicate
subcutaneous abscess filled with pus, caused by bacteria in glands or hair follicles
furuncle
overproduction of pigment
hyperpigmentation
Redness caused by inflammation
Erythema
Actue inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching, from excessive heat exposure
milaria rubra
Inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, dialation of blood vessels and in severe cases the formation of papules and pustules
Rosacea
Razor bumps without the pus or infection
Pseudofolliculitis
Inflammatory skin condition caused by an allergic reaction from contact with a substance or chemical
Contact dermatitis
Skin condition characterized by inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting and or itchiness
Seborrheic dermatitis
Allergic reaction by the bodys histamine production
urticaria
White, yellow, or flesh colored benign lesions frequently seen in oilee areas of the face
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Acne like condition around the mouth, consisting mainly of small clusters of papules
Perioral dermatitis
Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger or distended blood vessels
Telangiectasia
Excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions
Hyperhydrosis
Dialation of the blood vessels
Vasodilation
Chronic relasping form of dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis
Swelling from a fluid imbalance in the cells or from a response to injury, infection, or medication
edema
Itchy skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white silvee scales
Paoriasis
Deficiency in perspiration due to failure of the sweat glands
Anhidrosis
Itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction or stings
wheal
Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue
keloid
Inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus
pustule
Open lesion on the skin or mucous membranes of the body accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth
ulcer
Closed abnormally developed sack containing fluid infection or other matter above or below the skin
cyst
Dead cells formed over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum and pus sometimes mixed with epidermal material
crust
Small blister or sack containing clear fluid
vesicle
Small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop into a pustule
papule
Large blister containing watery fluid
bulla
Excessive shedding of dead skin cells
scale
Crack in the skin that may penetrate into the dermis
fissure
Bump smaller than a tumor caused by scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections
nodule
Abnormal rounded solid lump larger than a papule
tubercle
Disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions causing scarring and discoloration
acne excoriee
Redness and bumpiness in the cheeks or upper arms caused by blocked follicles
Keratosis Polaris
Increased pigmentation also known as liver spots
Chloasma
Hypertrophy of the papillae in epidermis caused by a virus
Verruca
Pink or flesh colored pre-cancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough that is a result of sun damage and should be checked by a dermatologist
Actinic keratoses
Malformation of the skin from abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries also known as a birthmark
nevus
Rare genetic condition characterized by the lack of melanin pigment in the body including the skin hair and eyes
Albinism
Flat pigmented area similar to a freckle
Lentigo
Acquired thickened patch of epidermis
keratoma
Pigmented Nevus ranging in color from tan to bluish black
mole
Change in pigmentation do to melanin production as a defense against UV radiation that damages the skin
tan
Loss of pigmentation
Leukoderma
Hyperpigmentation triggered by hormonal changes often during pregnancy or with birth control use
Melasma
Thickening of the skin caused by a mass of Keratinocytes
Hyperkeratosis
Hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up because they do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin
Retention hyperkeratosis
Most common and least severe type of carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Painful skin condition from the reactivation of the chickenpox virus
Herpes zoster
Reoccurring viral infection such as fever blisters or cold sores
Herpes Symplex virus one
Moderately serious form of skin cancer characterized by red or pink scaly papules or nodules
Squamous cell carcinoma
Genital form of herpes
Herpes Symplex virus two
Inflammation of the mucous membrane around the eye area due to chemical, bacterial or viral causes
Conjunctivitis
Fungal condition that inhibits melanin production
Tinea versicolor
Most serious form of skin cancer
Malignant melanoma
thick and lay on top of the skin to reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL); helps hold in moisture, and protect the skin’s top barrier layer.
occlusive product
This is caused by sun damage rather than genetics
Actinic aging
Excessive cell turnover and dead skin cell build up
Hyperkerotosis
Skin that appears red with distended capillaries
Couperose skin
This along with lifestyle and attitude can contribute to the skin health.
stress
abnormal hypertrophic scarring
keloids
skin that lacks water
dehydrated skin
evaluates photodamage based on wrinkling and characterized by age
Glogau scale
skin that lacks oil
alipidic skin
skin that lacks oxygen
asphyxiated skin
uses levels to classify photo damage by the depth of th skin changes or damages. This indicates what kind of treatment is appropriate for the skins conditions
Rubin’s Classifications of Photodamage
are a group of oils that are chemically combined with silicon and oxygen and leave a non comedogenic protective film on the surface of the skin
silicones
lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats
fatty acids
articles intended to be rubbed , poured, sprinkled or applied to body for cleaning, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or alternating appearance.
cosmetics
this comes from petroleum sources
mineral oil
highly concentrated plant oils with properties that can give various effects on the skin.
Essential oils
Products that do not contain water
anhydrous
Prevent bacteria and other microorganisms from living in a product.
preservatives
Fatty materials used to lubricate and moisturize the skin.
emollients
Produced from fatty acids and fatty alcohols.
fatty esters
ingredients causes the actual changes in the skin’s appearance
performance ingredients
These are mixed into the water phase of a product during the manufacturing
water soluble
Soaps and/or detergents that clean the skin.
Cleansers.
These allow products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form, such as a lotion, cream, or gel.
functional ingredients
Fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen.
fatty alcohols
These are mixed into the oil phase of a product during manufacturing
oil soluble
Fats of fat-like substances that help repair and protect the barrier function of the skin.
lipids
Natural form of vitamin A that stimulates cell repair and helps normalize the skin cells by generating new cells.
retinol
This is derived from the comfrey plant or uric acid and has healing properties.
allantoin
Closed lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific areas of the skin, and control their release.
Liposomes.
BHA that originates from sweet birch, willow bark, and wintergreen, and which has exfoliating and antiseptic properties.
Salicylic acid.
Colorants listed on ingredient labels as “D&C” or “FD&C”.
Noncertified colors.
Chains of amino acids used in skin care products to produce changes in the skin’s appearance.
Peptides
Chemical compounds formed by a number of small molecules, and commonly used in delivery systems.
Polymers.
Insoluble pigments made by combining a dye with an inorganic material and are commonly used in colorful cosmetics
lakes
This occurs in small amounts in olive oil, wheat germ oil, and rice bran oil, and is a lubricant and perfume fixative.
Squalene.
Spreading agents and carrying bases necessary to the formulation of a cosmetic.
vehicles
Colorants that have been batch certified and approved by the FDA.
Certified colors.
These have been found to enhance immune response and cellular metabolism, which boosts oxygen uptake in the cell.
Glycoproteins.
Mechanical and chemical ingredients that peel or slough the outer layer of the skin.
exfoliants
This is derived from yeast cells and functions as an anti-inflammatory and moisturizing ingredient.
Tissue respiratory factor
These have a higher alcohol content and are designed for use on normal and combination skin to tighten the skin.
toners
Popular herb and oil used for aromatherapy and calming.
lavender
Concentrated ingredients that target specific skin conditions
serums
Ancient healing practice using essential oils and aromas from plants to treat the body, mind, and spirit.
Aromatherapy.
The use of products such as AHA’s to dissolve dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix or “glue” that holds them together.
Chemical exfoliation.
This comes from the hamanelis shrub and is good for toning the skin.
witch hazel
These have the highest alcohol content and are used for oily and acne-prone skin, but can be too drying and should be used carefully.
Astringents.
Widely-used noncomedogenic oil derived from a desert shrub and used for healing.
jojoba
Small, sealed vials containing a single application of highly concentrated extracts in a water or oil base.
ampoules
These involve the use of keratolytic enzymes, which help speed up the breakdown of keratin.
enzyme peels
These have a lower alcohol content and are beneficial for dry and mature skin, as well as for sensitive skin.
Fresheners
Physically rubbing dead cells off of the skin.
Mechanical exfoliation.
One of the most common ingredients in skin care products, used for dry, aging skin.
rose
This uses ingredients such as herbs, vitamins, and oils combined with clay, seaweed, or hydrating bases that treat the skin.
mask
Plant extract used for sensitive skin.
Chamomile
