state and nation-building Flashcards
between 893-1066, the vikings, which kingdom?
Denmark,norway,sweden
in early Norway history, what there a succession law?
no, needed back by the church
when did Norway became an hereditary monarchy?
1260
the king of sweden inherited the crown of Norway when?
1319
what does primogeniture mean
the firstborn legitimate son inherite the thrown
what time period was the old commonwealth of Iceland
930-1262
Iceland was settled by which people
Norwegian
what did the ruling chief establish in early Iceland
Althing- one of the oldest parliament
why did Iceland accept the sovereignty of Norway?
because of conflict between clans (they were weakened by it
when did Iceland accept the sovereignty of Norway?
1262-1944
when did Denmark founded
9th century
until when Denmark an elective monarchy
1660
the monarch (elected) in Denmark was subjected to what?
sign a coronation charter. imposed certain restrictions
how formed the danish diet (3 estate )
nobility
clergy
burghers
swedish state-building was marked by..
civil war; (1130-1230) between the house of Erik and the house of sverker. tried to conquer both side of the Gulf of Bothnia
how did Finland incorporate sweden
participation of the Finland representative in sweden elective of king
when did Finland incorporate sweden
1362
until when sweden remains elective monarchy
1544
what were the 4 estate of the swedish diet
clergy
burghers
farmers
nobility
when was the kalmar union
1397-1523
who benefited of duties on traffic to and from the Baltic Sea
Denmark
what was the kalmar union
treaty; joined under 1 monarch the 3 kings (Denmark, sweden-finland, Norway-iceland)- to block German expansion
who ruled the kalmar union
Denmark
what was the main reason why kalmar state fail
struggle between danish and swedish noble (didn’t want a strong state) and the monarch (wanted a strong state)
what strengthed the monarch during the kalmar union
religious unity; Lutheranism
what religious aspect of early nation-building
anti-catholicism, identity
what was the official breakup of the karmar union
the election of the sweden king 1523
when Norway became danish province
around the end of the kalmar union
which countries were in war in 1523-1814
sweden and denmark-norway
dates the the vast swedish empire
1560-1720
what was the great northern war
between sweden and Russia for baltic control 1700-1720. sweden lost. +lost territory
what led to the defeat of Denmark
10 bloody wars between 1520-1720 against sweden. hegemony over.
what saved Denmark
geographical situation
what happened in 1660 in Denmark
alliance between the burghers and king to create hereditary monarchy= absolutism until 1849
when was the constitution of Denmark that made them a constitutional monarchy
1849
what is the diet in sweden
dominant organs to legislative and financial matter= strong estate rule weak monarchy. dominated by high nobility
what is the age of liberty sweden
diet laid down constitutional foundations of rule by the estate. resemble a type of parliamentarianism
when was absolutism in sweden
1680-1718, 1772-1809
what pushed sweden into a more democratic way (end of absolutism)
the defeat of the war against Russia 1700-20 ( the great nordic war)
what brought back absolutism in sweden
2 coup d état of Gustav 3: 1772 and 1789
what is the difference between west and east europe absolutism
w= free class peasant with powerful cities
e= over serf (colon genre sur seigneury) and ruled over cities
what is the difference between west and east europe economy
w= state-building based on capitalism
e= exploit peasant
Sweden and Denmark mixed=
s= weak towns free peasantry
d= strong town peasant in serfdom
absolutism in sweden and Denmark was based on..
s= coalition of king with peasants against noble aristocracy
d= coalition of king with burghers against noble aristocracy
French Revolution+ napoleonic wars:
s= lost Finland to russia
d= lost Norway to sweden
what did the French revolution did for Norway Iceland and Finland
national and democratic revolutions, process and struggle for national independence
Finland was in Russia since…
1809
in 1814 there where…
4 states, Norway and Finland states cause of alliance in napoleonic wars
what triggered reform in sweden1809
lost Finland to russia lost war
the diet of sweden 1809 chose..
new king and new constitution
in 1866, Sweden,
new constitution replaced the diet with bicameral parliament Riksdag
Norway self determination
1814, quick battle but convention of moss 1814 ; two state confederacy act of union. constitutional monarchy+ home rule Norway
what is the new constituent assembly in Norway
storting
Norway nation building early
flag, national anthem
national mobilization Norway for state-building 2 dimensions:
1/ struggle for independence from D ( against linguistic standard, this is a central role)
2/ struggle or political independence from sweden (for foreign affairs)
when was Norway independence
1905 peacefully, vote to chose monarchy or republic
Finland indepence in 2 dimensions:
1/ cultural battle against elite swedish speaking
2/ political battle against russia
what is Fennomania
the cultivation of indigenous Finnish language called upon the educated classes to abandon swedish entirely and take finnish as official languages
did russia agree with fennomania
yea cause decrease swedish attachment
1863 Finland=
1883 Finland=
-russia made Finnish the official language
-swedish becasue coequal with Finnish
when was independence Finland
1917
Finland date (constitution)
1919
what did the Russian revolution of 1905 did to Finland
triggered democratization of power to elect parliament. replace the 4 estate by unicameral parliament. both women and men could vote
breakdown of the Romanov empire=
independence of Finland
independence finland created
civil war, ideological war: red (for soviet) vs white Finnish
what did finland constitution brought
1/ official bilingual country
2/ republic with strong president semi-presidential regime
end of absolutism in Denmark
constitutional monarchy 1849
constitutional monarchy 1849 in Denmark led to
schleswig 1 and 2. fight over this area to see if it should be in Germany or Denmark. ended with 1864 almost end of Denmark saved by outsiders for geography reasons
did Iceland maintain strong cultural identity until its independence
yes, of independence focus on political aspect
3 step to independamncde of Iceland:
1/ foundation of a new Althing as consultation assembly 1843, 1874 constitution lead to= 1904 Home rule
2/ Denmark recognize Iceland as independent, act of union. cut communication with danish 1940 German invation, uk and usa.
3/ 2 constitutional referendum 1944= ended act union and created republic.
what are 3 territories in nordic
åland (1920 in Finland )
the faeroe island (Denmark )
Greenland (Denmark )
what are the 4 thresholds for mass incorporation in democratic politics
1/ legitimacy: freedom of assembly, expression, organization
2/ pop right to participation free election, universal suffrage
3/ voter fairly represented in political institution
4/ citizen influence must extend to the executive
nation-building is only completed when…
the whole adult population become part of the polity and a democratic system is established
what is the principal-agent theory
adresses the instance where the agent can be corrupt within the principal-agent dynamic
what is a critic of the principal-agent theory
principal= BENEVOLANT?
in corrupt state, principal are the ones earning from corruption
what is the collection action problem in corruption
you corrupt cause you see others as corrupted. social trap, lack of mutual trust
what were in sweden characteristic of bureaucracy bad that were changed by lost the war
- requirement higher offices not merit based
- purchase of offices
- no proper wages, increase corruption incentive
- weak legal code
what were the 4 type of malfeasance
embezzlement
Misconduct (most cases)
third party abuses
fraud/forgery
what the paper agues about the changes in sweden
losing big time= trigger behaviour changes, esp.political elites
what does the set of reform in sweden between 1855-1875 called
big bang
what is the endogenous theory of institutional change
motivate people to get their act together and grip with their dysfunction situation. clear sign between exdogenius and endogenous factor. swedish political elite view that changes crucial to counter CAP of corruption
what is the proposed solution of the corruption problem
-common pool resources: the fish story, allocation of resources
what is an other view to explain other puzzles linked to CAP
-Behavioural theory of rational action (BT):
1.problem of supply
2.problem of credible commitment
3.probelm of mutual monitoring
cooperation becomes more likely as..
payoff of collective good increases. so to be possible, new ideas must underline the possibility of a better world
3 things change after sweden lost finland
- sweden as independent state was at stake
- military defeat was attributed to incompetence of officers (not merit based, patrimonial system of recruitment and promotion
- clear need of new start
what is the accord system
pay money to hold a position, pension system to resolve that
changes in ideas in sweden lead by 3 things
- high degree of press freedom
- estate bughers (dominated local judges+civil servant) more liberal capitalist
- peasant less bribed by kings, and allies themselves with burghers
changes in ideas in sweden helped by 3 things
- already fair court system
- ideological; rise of liberalism 1830s
- event (lost war against russia)
sides of the nordic countries in WW2
D= occupied 1940
s=neutral but authorized German to take resources
I=occupied by US and UK
F=allies with Germany against russia
N= occupied, gov cooperated with German but had strong resistance
