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Poli487 > state and nation-building > Flashcards

state and nation-building Flashcards

1
Q

between 893-1066, the vikings, which kingdom?

A

Denmark,norway,sweden

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2
Q

in early Norway history, what there a succession law?

A

no, needed back by the church

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3
Q

when did Norway became an hereditary monarchy?

A

1260

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4
Q

the king of sweden inherited the crown of Norway when?

A

1319

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5
Q

what does primogeniture mean

A

the firstborn legitimate son inherite the thrown

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6
Q

what time period was the old commonwealth of Iceland

A

930-1262

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7
Q

Iceland was settled by which people

A

Norwegian

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8
Q

what did the ruling chief establish in early Iceland

A

Althing- one of the oldest parliament

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9
Q

why did Iceland accept the sovereignty of Norway?

A

because of conflict between clans (they were weakened by it

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10
Q

when did Iceland accept the sovereignty of Norway?

A

1262-1944

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11
Q

when did Denmark founded

A

9th century

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12
Q

until when Denmark an elective monarchy

A

1660

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13
Q

the monarch (elected) in Denmark was subjected to what?

A

sign a coronation charter. imposed certain restrictions

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14
Q

how formed the danish diet (3 estate )

A

nobility
clergy
burghers

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15
Q

swedish state-building was marked by..

A

civil war; (1130-1230) between the house of Erik and the house of sverker. tried to conquer both side of the Gulf of Bothnia

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16
Q

how did Finland incorporate sweden

A

participation of the Finland representative in sweden elective of king

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17
Q

when did Finland incorporate sweden

A

1362

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18
Q

until when sweden remains elective monarchy

A

1544

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19
Q

what were the 4 estate of the swedish diet

A

clergy
burghers
farmers
nobility

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20
Q

when was the kalmar union

A

1397-1523

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21
Q

who benefited of duties on traffic to and from the Baltic Sea

A

Denmark

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22
Q

what was the kalmar union

A

treaty; joined under 1 monarch the 3 kings (Denmark, sweden-finland, Norway-iceland)- to block German expansion

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23
Q

who ruled the kalmar union

A

Denmark

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24
Q

what was the main reason why kalmar state fail

A

struggle between danish and swedish noble (didn’t want a strong state) and the monarch (wanted a strong state)

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25
Q

what strengthed the monarch during the kalmar union

A

religious unity; Lutheranism

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26
Q

what religious aspect of early nation-building

A

anti-catholicism, identity

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27
Q

what was the official breakup of the karmar union

A

the election of the sweden king 1523

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28
Q

when Norway became danish province

A

around the end of the kalmar union

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29
Q

which countries were in war in 1523-1814

A

sweden and denmark-norway

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30
Q

dates the the vast swedish empire

A

1560-1720

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31
Q

what was the great northern war

A

between sweden and Russia for baltic control 1700-1720. sweden lost. +lost territory

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32
Q

what led to the defeat of Denmark

A

10 bloody wars between 1520-1720 against sweden. hegemony over.

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33
Q

what saved Denmark

A

geographical situation

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34
Q

what happened in 1660 in Denmark

A

alliance between the burghers and king to create hereditary monarchy= absolutism until 1849

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35
Q

when was the constitution of Denmark that made them a constitutional monarchy

A

1849

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36
Q

what is the diet in sweden

A

dominant organs to legislative and financial matter= strong estate rule weak monarchy. dominated by high nobility

37
Q

what is the age of liberty sweden

A

diet laid down constitutional foundations of rule by the estate. resemble a type of parliamentarianism

38
Q

when was absolutism in sweden

A

1680-1718, 1772-1809

39
Q

what pushed sweden into a more democratic way (end of absolutism)

A

the defeat of the war against Russia 1700-20 ( the great nordic war)

40
Q

what brought back absolutism in sweden

A

2 coup d état of Gustav 3: 1772 and 1789

41
Q

what is the difference between west and east europe absolutism

A

w= free class peasant with powerful cities
e= over serf (colon genre sur seigneury) and ruled over cities

42
Q

what is the difference between west and east europe economy

A

w= state-building based on capitalism
e= exploit peasant

Sweden and Denmark mixed=
s= weak towns free peasantry
d= strong town peasant in serfdom

43
Q

absolutism in sweden and Denmark was based on..

A

s= coalition of king with peasants against noble aristocracy
d= coalition of king with burghers against noble aristocracy

44
Q

French Revolution+ napoleonic wars:

A

s= lost Finland to russia
d= lost Norway to sweden

45
Q

what did the French revolution did for Norway Iceland and Finland

A

national and democratic revolutions, process and struggle for national independence

46
Q

Finland was in Russia since…

A

1809

47
Q

in 1814 there where…

A

4 states, Norway and Finland states cause of alliance in napoleonic wars

48
Q

what triggered reform in sweden1809

A

lost Finland to russia lost war

49
Q

the diet of sweden 1809 chose..

A

new king and new constitution

50
Q

in 1866, Sweden,

A

new constitution replaced the diet with bicameral parliament Riksdag

51
Q

Norway self determination

A

1814, quick battle but convention of moss 1814 ; two state confederacy act of union. constitutional monarchy+ home rule Norway

52
Q

what is the new constituent assembly in Norway

A

storting

53
Q

Norway nation building early

A

flag, national anthem

54
Q

national mobilization Norway for state-building 2 dimensions:

A

1/ struggle for independence from D ( against linguistic standard, this is a central role)
2/ struggle or political independence from sweden (for foreign affairs)

55
Q

when was Norway independence

A

1905 peacefully, vote to chose monarchy or republic

56
Q

Finland indepence in 2 dimensions:

A

1/ cultural battle against elite swedish speaking
2/ political battle against russia

57
Q

what is Fennomania

A

the cultivation of indigenous Finnish language called upon the educated classes to abandon swedish entirely and take finnish as official languages

58
Q

did russia agree with fennomania

A

yea cause decrease swedish attachment

59
Q

1863 Finland=
1883 Finland=

A

-russia made Finnish the official language
-swedish becasue coequal with Finnish

60
Q

when was independence Finland

A

1917

61
Q

Finland date (constitution)

A

1919

62
Q

what did the Russian revolution of 1905 did to Finland

A

triggered democratization of power to elect parliament. replace the 4 estate by unicameral parliament. both women and men could vote

63
Q

breakdown of the Romanov empire=

A

independence of Finland

64
Q

independence finland created

A

civil war, ideological war: red (for soviet) vs white Finnish

65
Q

what did finland constitution brought

A

1/ official bilingual country
2/ republic with strong president semi-presidential regime

66
Q

end of absolutism in Denmark

A

constitutional monarchy 1849

67
Q

constitutional monarchy 1849 in Denmark led to

A

schleswig 1 and 2. fight over this area to see if it should be in Germany or Denmark. ended with 1864 almost end of Denmark saved by outsiders for geography reasons

68
Q

did Iceland maintain strong cultural identity until its independence

A

yes, of independence focus on political aspect

69
Q

3 step to independamncde of Iceland:

A

1/ foundation of a new Althing as consultation assembly 1843, 1874 constitution lead to= 1904 Home rule
2/ Denmark recognize Iceland as independent, act of union. cut communication with danish 1940 German invation, uk and usa.
3/ 2 constitutional referendum 1944= ended act union and created republic.

70
Q

what are 3 territories in nordic

A

åland (1920 in Finland )
the faeroe island (Denmark )
Greenland (Denmark )

71
Q

what are the 4 thresholds for mass incorporation in democratic politics

A

1/ legitimacy: freedom of assembly, expression, organization
2/ pop right to participation free election, universal suffrage
3/ voter fairly represented in political institution
4/ citizen influence must extend to the executive

72
Q

nation-building is only completed when…

A

the whole adult population become part of the polity and a democratic system is established

73
Q

what is the principal-agent theory

A

adresses the instance where the agent can be corrupt within the principal-agent dynamic

74
Q

what is a critic of the principal-agent theory

A

principal= BENEVOLANT?
in corrupt state, principal are the ones earning from corruption

75
Q

what is the collection action problem in corruption

A

you corrupt cause you see others as corrupted. social trap, lack of mutual trust

76
Q

what were in sweden characteristic of bureaucracy bad that were changed by lost the war

A
  1. requirement higher offices not merit based
  2. purchase of offices
  3. no proper wages, increase corruption incentive
  4. weak legal code
77
Q

what were the 4 type of malfeasance

A

embezzlement
Misconduct (most cases)
third party abuses
fraud/forgery

78
Q

what the paper agues about the changes in sweden

A

losing big time= trigger behaviour changes, esp.political elites

79
Q

what does the set of reform in sweden between 1855-1875 called

A

big bang

80
Q

what is the endogenous theory of institutional change

A

motivate people to get their act together and grip with their dysfunction situation. clear sign between exdogenius and endogenous factor. swedish political elite view that changes crucial to counter CAP of corruption

81
Q

what is the proposed solution of the corruption problem

A

-common pool resources: the fish story, allocation of resources

82
Q

what is an other view to explain other puzzles linked to CAP

A

-Behavioural theory of rational action (BT):
1.problem of supply
2.problem of credible commitment
3.probelm of mutual monitoring

83
Q

cooperation becomes more likely as..

A

payoff of collective good increases. so to be possible, new ideas must underline the possibility of a better world

84
Q

3 things change after sweden lost finland

A
  1. sweden as independent state was at stake
  2. military defeat was attributed to incompetence of officers (not merit based, patrimonial system of recruitment and promotion
  3. clear need of new start
85
Q

what is the accord system

A

pay money to hold a position, pension system to resolve that

86
Q

changes in ideas in sweden lead by 3 things

A
  1. high degree of press freedom
  2. estate bughers (dominated local judges+civil servant) more liberal capitalist
  3. peasant less bribed by kings, and allies themselves with burghers
87
Q

changes in ideas in sweden helped by 3 things

A
  1. already fair court system
  2. ideological; rise of liberalism 1830s
  3. event (lost war against russia)
88
Q

sides of the nordic countries in WW2

A

D= occupied 1940
s=neutral but authorized German to take resources
I=occupied by US and UK
F=allies with Germany against russia
N= occupied, gov cooperated with German but had strong resistance

Poli487 (7 decks)

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