gorvernment institutions

Question 1

what are the 2 major waves of public sector reform

Answer 1

new public management and post NPM

Question 2

what is NPM

Answer 2

It aims to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and service delivery by incorporating private sector management techniques into public administration

more competition, decentralize

Question 3

what are the 2 reasons why NPM said that civil service didn’t respond well enough

Answer 3

1. gov bureaucracy too big, blooded, market style management so less political scientist and more business manager.
2. more control for politicians, so the they have more control over civil servant.
   how?–) political advisers in civil services, politicized civil service
   —) create different type of organization or go get advice elsewhere.

more profit= less political control?

Question 4

what are the 2 perspective of NPM

Answer 4

1. vertical mobility: expert in your department, from down to up.
2. horizontal: manager in different type of areas, generalist

Question 5

what is organization theory

Answer 5

explain differences/similarities in formal structures

Question 6

what are the 3 perspective of the organization theory

Answer 6

1. environmental: national trajectories driven by international or national pressure
   1.1 technical environment: view public organization as tool for services
   1.2 institutional: myths, ideological based
2. cultural: informal norms and values: compatibility test: are norms and value of reform compatible with society
3. structural: focus on how polity of a country is organized.

Question 7

which country has the largest amount of agencies

Answer 7

sweden,
D+F least
trend in number of agencies: west nordic (N-I-D) resemble. east nordic (S+F)

Question 8

collective responsibility vs individual ministerial responsibility

Answer 8

sweden collective responsibility
the rest, individual ministerial responsibility

Question 9

all NC introduced

Answer 9

more agencies autonomy: no day-to-day control, only send goals to agencies,

Question 10

what is post-NPM

Answer 10

return to less fragmentated approach
cause with NPM:
- decrease politician power to carry promises
-increase bureaucracy
-when fear, want more control

Question 11

the nordic countries:

Answer 11

reluctant
prefer internal management such as downsizing or privatization

Question 12

what is mobility

Answer 12

renewal, replacement, circulation, interconnection of elites

Question 13

what is vertical and horizontal structure elite

Answer 13

openness of elite (vertical): from low(recruitment form 1 socio-economic groups) to high (from different).

degree of coherence (horizontal): high if member are closely intertwined

Question 14

exclusive elite vs

Answer 14

fragmented elite

Question 15

what are the 2 type of career system

Answer 15

closed-career system: new entrant start from low to high job
open-career system: position open to anyone competent

Question 16

(in Finland)

Answer 16

in poli, open career, more mobility
in business, closed career low mobility

Question 17

what is administrative politicization

Answer 17

political advisers intervention in relationship between ministers and permanent civil service

Question 18

what is contestability

Answer 18

tensions that arises when civil servant and political advisers competition for ministers attention

Question 19

what is contestability

Answer 19

consequence of the thickening of the gov adding more bureaucratic layers reduce quality policy

Question 20

3 key questions and answers:

Answer 20

restrictive access to minister: yes
filtering of content: no
contestation: yes Denmark (more civil servant merit based so more contest in changes)

Question 21

what are 2 key diff between sweden and Denmark

Answer 21

sweden= more agencies
Denmark= more ministry responsibility