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Finals > Stat's > Flashcards

Stat's Flashcards

1
Q

Cohort study

A

Longitudinal study where people followed up at random points and cross sections performed at random points
Individuals share common characteristics

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2
Q

Cross sectional study

A

Collect data from individuals at random point in time- will help estimate incidence at a certain time

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3
Q

Case control study

A

Looks at a cohort retrospectively to see what exposures may have led to a disease
Has control

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4
Q

Case series study

A

Looks back at a group over time with a disease with no control

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5
Q

Levels of evidence

A

1- meta analysis

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6
Q

Parametric vs non parametric tests

A

Parametric= normally distributed

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7
Q

Analysing parametric data

A

Paired vs unpaired t test

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8
Q

Analysing non-parametric data

A

Paired like before and after= wilcoxon signed
Mann- witney u= unpaired data

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9
Q

What is chi squared test used for

A

Categorical data comparisons (proportions/percentages)

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10
Q

Phases of clinical trial

A

Phase 1- a few people given to assess its safety and pharmacokinetics etc
Phase 2- 100 people given to assess therapeutic effectiveness and side effects
Phase 3- large cohort given it and assess difference to current treatment
Phase 4- post license where monitor long term effects

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11
Q

What shows publication bias in meta analysis

A

Funnel plot

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12
Q

What is outcome in cohort vs case control study

A

Cohort- RR
Case control- OR

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13
Q

How assess correlation in parametric vs non parametric data

A

Parametric- pearsons coefficient
Non-parametric- spearmans coefficient

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14
Q

Breslow thickness management

A

Remove and then based off pathology report determine if need further excision
0-1mm= 1cm
1-2mm= 1-2cm
2-4mm= 2-3
>4mm= 3cm

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15
Q

What is specificity and what is equation

A

% of people who test negative for a disease among group of people who do not have the disease

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16
Q

What is sensitivity

A

% of people who test positive for a disease among group of people that do have disease

17
Q

What is positive predictive value

A

Proportion of patients who test positive that do have disease
True positives/(true positive plus positives)

18
Q

What is negative predictive value

A

Proportion of people who test negative that do have disease
True negatives/(true negatives plus false negatives)

19
Q

AF stroke prevention

A

Apxiaban or warfarin

20
Q

Reaction to acetylcysteine infusion

A

Anaphylactoid

21
Q

What given long term for mechanical valve replacements

A

Warfarin and aspirin if established CVD

22
Q

What affected in de quervains

A

Swelling and inflamm of tendon sheath surrounding abductor and extensor tendons thumb

23
Q

De quervains tenosynovitis management

A

NSAIDS and splint first line
2nd- steroid injection

24
Q

Carpal tunnel management

A

Mild= splint at night and steroid injection
Severe or refractory= surgery

25
Q

Main reasons for referring for extra screening for breast cancer

A

First or second relative with breast cancer diagnosed under 40
Male breast cancer
Bilateral with 1 under 50
Another with ovarian cancer
Jewish

26
Q

Oesophageal cancer patient what do for patient about to undergo palliative chemo and radiation

A

Stent or gastrostomy depending on if able to eat
Also consider that can get ulcers in mouth from radiotherapy which will prevent people from eating

27
Q

Case control vs retrospective cohort study

A

Case control= people with and without disease
Prospective cohort= 1 group of people with the disease, see who was exposed to what

28
Q

Colon cancer management

A

Stage1-3= resection with adjuvant chemo
Stage 4= neoadjuvant chemo followed by resection of cancer and mets

29
Q

Staging of cancer

A

Stage 1= T1-2 (1= submucosa, 2 muscularis)
Stage 2= T3-4 (3= through subserosa, 4= into local organ)
Stage 3= LN involvement
Stage 4= distant mets

30
Q

Colorectal cancer not appropriate for surgery

A

Chemo with cetuximab
Stenting of obstructing cancers

31
Q

Rectal cancer management

A

Within 5cm of anal verge= ABE
Over 5cm= anterior resection
Stage 3= chemo
Stage 4= chemoradiation

32
Q

Pancreatic cancer management

A

Whipples ideally with adjuvant chemo
Palliative ERCP with stent

33
Q

Oesophageal cancer management

A

Oesophagectomy ideally
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with nodal involvement

34
Q

Small cell lung cancer

A

Stage 3= chemo or radiation too if good response to chemo
Stage 4= chemo

35
Q

Non small cell cancer management

A

Stage 1-2= resection with adjuvant chemo
Stage 3-4= chemo

36
Q

Take drug and start weeing red

A

Porphyria

37
Q

Causes of carpal tunnel

A

Hypothyroidism
RA
Pregnancy
Acromegaly

38
Q
A

Finals (29 decks)

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