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Biology 1 Biological Molecules > Starch, Glycogen And Cellulose > Flashcards

Starch, Glycogen And Cellulose Flashcards

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1
Q

What are starch, glycogen and cellulose all made from?

A

Glucose.

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2
Q

What monomer is starch made from?

A

Alpha glucose.

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3
Q

What monomer is cellulose made from?

A

Beta glucose.

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4
Q

What monomer is glycogen made from?

A

Alpha glucose.

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5
Q

What are the two polymers in starch?

A

Amylose and amylopectin.

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6
Q

What bonds are formed between glucose in amylose?

A

1-4 glycosidic bonds.

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7
Q

What bonds are formed between glucose in amylopectin?

A

1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds.

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8
Q

What bonds are formed between glucose in cellulose?

A

1-4 glycosidic bonds.

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9
Q

What bonds are formed between glucose in glycogen?

A

1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds.

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10
Q

What is the main role of cellulose?

A

To provide strength for a plant cell wall.

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11
Q

What is the main role of glycogen?

A

An insoluble energy storage.

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12
Q

Where is starch found?

A

In starch grains in plant cells.

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13
Q

Where is cellulose found?

A

In the cell wall of plant cells.

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14
Q

Where is glycogen found?

A

In the muscle and liver cells of animals

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15
Q

What is amylose?

A

A straight polymer that coils up to form an unbranched helix.

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16
Q

What is amylopectin?

A

A branched polymer.

17
Q

What structure does cellulose have?

A

It’s a straight, unbranched chain.

18
Q

What bonds hold chains of cellulose parallel to each other?

A

Hydrogen bonds.

19
Q

What do many cellulose chains held together by hydrogen bonds form?

A

Fibrils.

20
Q

What happens to every other beta glucose in cellulose and why?

A

It’s inverted to form the glycosidic bonds.

21
Q

What structure does glycogen have?

A

It is highly branched.

22
Q

What is the main role of starch?

A

An insoluble energy storage.

23
Q

What makes starch a good storage molecule?

A

It’s insoluble, easily hydrolysed, large, and compact.

24
Q

Why are starch and glycogen branched?

A

So enzymes at the ends of the branches can rapidly hydrolyse them back to glucose.

25
Q

What is starch compact?

A

To fit a lot of glucose in a small space.

26
Q

Why is starch insoluble?

A

So it won’t affect water potential and osmosis.

27
Q

Why is starch a large molecule?

A

So it can’t diffuse out of the cell.

28
Q

What do the many hydrogen bonds formed between cellulose molecules do?

A

Provide collective strength.

29
Q

Why is cellulose insoluble?

A

So it won’t affect water potential and prevent the plant cells from bursting.

30
Q

Why is glycogen insoluble?

A

So it won’t affect water potential.

Biology 1 Biological Molecules (13 decks)

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