Starch, Glycogen And Cellulose Flashcards
What are starch, glycogen and cellulose all made from?
Glucose.
What monomer is starch made from?
Alpha glucose.
What monomer is cellulose made from?
Beta glucose.
What monomer is glycogen made from?
Alpha glucose.
What are the two polymers in starch?
Amylose and amylopectin.
What bonds are formed between glucose in amylose?
1-4 glycosidic bonds.
What bonds are formed between glucose in amylopectin?
1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds.
What bonds are formed between glucose in cellulose?
1-4 glycosidic bonds.
What bonds are formed between glucose in glycogen?
1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds.
What is the main role of cellulose?
To provide strength for a plant cell wall.
What is the main role of glycogen?
An insoluble energy storage.
Where is starch found?
In starch grains in plant cells.
Where is cellulose found?
In the cell wall of plant cells.
Where is glycogen found?
In the muscle and liver cells of animals
What is amylose?
A straight polymer that coils up to form an unbranched helix.
What is amylopectin?
A branched polymer.
What structure does cellulose have?
It’s a straight, unbranched chain.
What bonds hold chains of cellulose parallel to each other?
Hydrogen bonds.
What do many cellulose chains held together by hydrogen bonds form?
Fibrils.
What happens to every other beta glucose in cellulose and why?
It’s inverted to form the glycosidic bonds.
What structure does glycogen have?
It is highly branched.
What is the main role of starch?
An insoluble energy storage.
What makes starch a good storage molecule?
It’s insoluble, easily hydrolysed, large, and compact.
Why are starch and glycogen branched?
So enzymes at the ends of the branches can rapidly hydrolyse them back to glucose.
What is starch compact?
To fit a lot of glucose in a small space.
Why is starch insoluble?
So it won’t affect water potential and osmosis.
Why is starch a large molecule?
So it can’t diffuse out of the cell.
What do the many hydrogen bonds formed between cellulose molecules do?
Provide collective strength.
Why is cellulose insoluble?
So it won’t affect water potential and prevent the plant cells from bursting.
Why is glycogen insoluble?
So it won’t affect water potential.
