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Biology 1 Biological Molecules > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What do lipids contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

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2
Q

What is smaller in carbohydrates then in lipids?

A

The proportion of oxygen to carbon and hydrogen.

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3
Q

What are lipids in water?

A

Insoluble.

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4
Q

What are lipids soluble in?

A

Organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone.

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5
Q

What are the main groups of lipids?

A

Triglycerides and phospholipids.

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6
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

Fats and oils.

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7
Q

What are the roles of lipids?

A

Source of energy, waterproofing, insulation, protection and in cell membranes.

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8
Q

Why are lipids used for waterproofing?

A

They are insoluble in water.

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9
Q

What is an example of lipids being used for waterproofing?

A

Plants and insects have waxy, lipid cuticles that conserve water.

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10
Q

Why are lipids used as insulation?

A

Fats are slow conductors of heat.

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11
Q

What are fats at room temperature?

A

Solid.

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12
Q

What are oils at room temperature?

A

Liquids.

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13
Q

Why are triglycerides called triglycerides?

A

They have three fatty acids combined with a glycerol.

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14
Q

What bond does each fatty acid form with glycerol?

A

Ester bond.

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15
Q

In what reaction does an ester bond form?

A

Condensation reaction.

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16
Q

What does hydrolysis of a triglyceride produce?

A

Glycerol and three fatty acids.

17
Q

What is the worded formula for a triglyceride?

A

Glycerol+3 fatty acids—>triglyceride+3 waters.

18
Q

What happens if the glycerol molecule in all triglycerides are the same?

A

The differences in the properties of different fats and oils come from variations in the fatty acids.

19
Q

How many different fatty acids are there?

A

Over 70.

20
Q

What do all fatty acids have?

A

A carboxyl group with a hydrocarbon chain attached.

21
Q

When is a fatty acid described as saturated?

A

When the fatty acids hydrocarbon chain has no carbon-carbon double bonds.

22
Q

Why do we call fatty acids with no carbon-carbon double bonds saturated?

A

All carbon atoms are linked to the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms.

23
Q

What do we call a fatty acid with a single bond between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain?

A

Mono-unsaturated.

24
Q

What do we call a fatty acid with more then one double bond between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain?

A

Polyunsaturated.

25
Q

Why are triglycerides an excellent source of energy?

A

They have a high ratio of energy storing carbon-hydrogen bonds to carbon atoms.

26
Q

What is a benefit of triglycerides having a low mass to energy ratio?

A

They make good storage molecules as much energy can be stored in a small volume.

27
Q

What kind of molecules are triglycerides?

A

Large, non-polar molecules.

28
Q

What is a result of triglycerides being large, non-polar molecules that are insoluble?

A

Their storage doesn’t affect osmosis in cells or the water potential of them.

29
Q

What is a benefit of triglycerides having a high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms?

A

They release water when oxidised and therefore provide an important source of water.

30
Q

How are phospholipids different from lipids?

A

One of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate molecule.

31
Q

What are fatty acids in water?

A

Hydrophobic.

32
Q

What are phosphate molecules in water?

A

Hydrophilic.

33
Q

What is a phospholipid made from?

A

A hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

34
Q

What are molecules with two ends (poles) called?

A

Polar.

35
Q

What do phospholipids form in aqueous solutions?

A

A bilayer within cell surface membranes.

36
Q

Where are the hydrophilic phosphate heads held?

A

At the surface of the cell surface membrane.

37
Q

What can form from a phospholipid and carbohydrate?

A

A glycolipid.

38
Q

What are glycolipids important in?

A

Cell recognition.

Biology 1 Biological Molecules (13 decks)

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