Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a triglyceride contain?

A

A glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.

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2
Q

What does a phospholipid contain?

A

A glycerol molecule, with two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

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3
Q

How are triglycerides formed?

A

By three condensation reactions between glycerol and three fatty acids.

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4
Q

What is also produced when a triglyceride is formed?

A

Three molecules of water from each condensation reaction.

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5
Q

What is the worded equation for the formation of a triglyceride?

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids = triglyceride + 3 water molecules.

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6
Q

What is the bond formed between the glycerol and each fatty acid in a triglyceride?

A

Ester bond.

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7
Q

What are saturated fatty acids?

A

A fatty acid where the hydrocarbon chain has only single bonds between carbons.

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8
Q

What are unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Fatty acids where the hydrocarbon chain consists of at least one double bond between carbons.

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9
Q

What are the properties of triglycerides?

A

Energy storage, metabolic water source, insoluble, and have a low mass.

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10
Q

How is energy stored in a triglyceride?

A

Due to the large ratio of energy storing carbon-hydrogen bonds.

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11
Q

What can triglycerides release if they are oxidised?

A

Water.

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12
Q

How can triglycerides release water when oxidised?

A

Due to the high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms.

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13
Q

Why are triglycerides insoluble?

A

As they are large, hydrophobic molecules that don’t affect water potential and osmosis.

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14
Q

What makes triglycerides a good storage molecule?

A

They are insoluble.

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15
Q

What is the benefit of lipids having a low mass?

A

A lot can be stored without increasing the mass and preventing movement.

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16
Q

What is the emulsion test for lipids?

A

The sample is dissolved in ethanol and shaken, distilled water is then added and it’s shaken again.

17
Q

What is a positive result for the emulsion test for lipids?

A

A white emulsion appears.

18
Q

How are phospholipids formed?

A

By two condensation reactions between glycerol and two fatty acids.

19
Q

What is the bond formed between the glycerol and each fatty acid in a phospholipid?

A

Ester bond.

20
Q

Why are phospholipids polar?

A

They have two charged regions.

21
Q

What are the two regions of a phospholipid?

A

The hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.

22
Q

What is the hydrophilic head of a phospholipid attracted to and why?

A

Water, as it is polar.

23
Q

What does the hydrophilic head on a phospholipid repel?

A

Fats.

24
Q

What is the hydrophobic tail repelled by and why?

A

Water, as it is non-polar.

25
Q

What does the hydrophobic tail mix with?

A

Fats.

26
Q

What do lots of phospholipids form?

A

A bilayer membrane structure.

27
Q

What are the heads and tails of a phospholipid exposed to?

A

The heads are exposed to water and the tails face each other.