Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are monomers?
Small units which can create larger molecules.
What are polymers?
Lots of monomers bonded together.
What elements do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
What are the three main monosaccharides?
Glucose, galactose and fructose.
What are the three main disaccharides?
Maltose, lactose and sucrose.
What are the three main polysaccharides?
Starch, glycogen and cellulose.
What are the two isomers of glucose?
Alpha and beta glucose.
What are structural isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
The hydrogen is at the top of carbon one in alpha glucose but at the bottom in beta glucose.
What are disaccharides?
Two monosaccharides bonded together.
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugar molecules.
What bond are disaccharides and polysaccharides joined by?
A 1-4 glycosidic bond.
Why does a 1-4 glycosidic bond have a 1-4 on it?
It shows the where the bonds are on the carbon atoms.
What reaction do disaccharides and polysaccharides join by?
A condensation reaction.
What is a condensation reaction?
The joining of two molecules by the removal of water.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
The splitting apart of molecules through the addition of water.
What is produced when two monosaccharides join to form a disaccharide?
Water.
What does glucose + glucose produce?
Maltose + water.
What does glucose + galactose produce?
Lactose + water.
What does glucose + fructose produce?
Sucrose + water.
