Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What are monomers?

A

Small units which can create larger molecules.

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2
Q

What are polymers?

A

Lots of monomers bonded together.

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3
Q

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

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4
Q

What are the three main monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, galactose and fructose.

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5
Q

What are the three main disaccharides?

A

Maltose, lactose and sucrose.

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6
Q

What are the three main polysaccharides?

A

Starch, glycogen and cellulose.

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7
Q

What are the two isomers of glucose?

A

Alpha and beta glucose.

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8
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

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9
Q

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

A

The hydrogen is at the top of carbon one in alpha glucose but at the bottom in beta glucose.

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10
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Two monosaccharides bonded together.

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11
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Simple sugar molecules.

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12
Q

What bond are disaccharides and polysaccharides joined by?

A

A 1-4 glycosidic bond.

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13
Q

Why does a 1-4 glycosidic bond have a 1-4 on it?

A

It shows the where the bonds are on the carbon atoms.

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14
Q

What reaction do disaccharides and polysaccharides join by?

A

A condensation reaction.

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15
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

The joining of two molecules by the removal of water.

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16
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

The splitting apart of molecules through the addition of water.

17
Q

What is produced when two monosaccharides join to form a disaccharide?

A

Water.

18
Q

What does glucose + glucose produce?

A

Maltose + water.

19
Q

What does glucose + galactose produce?

A

Lactose + water.

20
Q

What does glucose + fructose produce?

A

Sucrose + water.