Proteins Flashcards
What is the structure of an amino acid?
There is a carbon atom in the centre, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom and an R group.
What determines the specific amino acid?
The R group on the amino acid.
What do amino acids join together by?
A condensation reaction.
Where is the water removed from from the condensation reaction.
The hydrogen atom from the amino group and the hydroxyl group from the carboxyl group.
What is the bond formed between amino acids?
A peptide bond.
What are proteins?
Polymers made up of monomer amino acids.
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
The polypeptide chain is twisted and bent to form an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet.
What holds the alpha helix and beta pleated sheets together in the secondary structure of a protein?
Hydrogen bonds.
Where do the hydrogen bonds form between polypeptide chains on amino acids?
On the C=O in the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the H in the amino group of another amino acid.
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
The structure further folds to form a unique 3D shape.
What bonds hold the tertiary structure in place?
Ionic, hydrogen and disulphide bonds.
Where do the ionic and disulphide bonds form on amino acids?
Between the R groups of different amino acids.
What must there be for a disulphide bond to form?
A sulphur in the R group of the amino acid.
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
The overall protein made from more than one polypeptide chain.
