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Immunology/Microbiology > Staphylococci & Streptococci > Flashcards

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is included in the staphy species?

A

S. aureus (coagulase +)

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2
Q

What is included in the strepto species?

A
  • S. pyogenes
  • S. pneumoniae
  • group B strepto
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3
Q

What are the gram + cocci?

A
  • staphylococcus
  • streptococcus
  • enterococcus
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4
Q

What are the characteristics of staphylococci?

A
  • gram + cocci that occurs in -> single, pairs, short chains, clusters
  • catalase +
  • faculative anaerobes
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of steptococci?

A
  • gram + cocci that occurs in -> pairs, short & long chains
  • catalase -, faculative anaerobes
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6
Q

What do leukocidins do?

A

lyses white cells

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7
Q

What do hemolysins do?

A

lyses red blood cells

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8
Q

What is the catalase test?

A
  • catalyzes conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water & hydrogen gas
  • postive test = bubble formation
  • negative test = no change
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9
Q

What is a coagulase test?

A
  • forms a fibrin clot
  • postive test = clot formation
  • negative test = no change
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10
Q

What is mannitol salt agar?

A
  • selective for staph
  • pink to yellow indicates a change in pH
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11
Q

What are the S. aureus virulence factors?

A
  • leukocidin
  • protein A
  • teichoice acids
  • coagulase
  • hemolysins
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of S. aureus enterotoxin?

A
  • GI tract
  • exotoxin
  • acid & heat resistant
  • causes food poisoning 1-8 hours after ingestion
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of S. aureus exfoliating toxin?

A
  • causes staph scalded skin syndrome
  • red skin color (erythema) & desquamation
  • primarily occurs in infants
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of S. aureus toxic shock syndrome?

A
  • causes toxic shock -> hypotension
  • primarily seen in women -> associated with tampon use
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of S. aureus penton-valentine leukocidin?

A
  • causes cell lysis by punching holes in cell membranes & inducing apoptosis via caspases
  • necrotic lesions in skin & mucosa
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16
Q

What are the toxins of S aureus?

A
  • enterotoxin
  • exfoliative toxin
  • toxic shock syndrome
  • oanton-valentine leukocidin
17
Q

What is the diagnosis for S aureus?

A
  • catalase & coagulase +
  • grows on MSA and turns yellow
  • beta-hemolytic
18
Q

What is the treatment for S. aureus?

A

vancomycin for MRSA

19
Q

What is the Lancefield classification for strep?

A
  • group A strep. pyyogens
  • group B -> strep. agalactiae
20
Q

What are the virulence factors for S pyogenes?

A
  • streptolysins
  • erythrogenic toxin -> super Ag
  • exotoxin A -> toxic shock syndrome
  • exotoxin B -> necrotizing fascitis
  • capsule
  • M protein -> mimics host Ags
  • protein F
  • protein G
  • C-polysaccharide -> basis of Lancefield classification
21
Q

What is the pathogenesis of S. pyogenes in respiratory infections?

A
  • inhaled via F protein
  • produces M protein
  • streptolysin damages epithelial tissue
  • targets people 5-15 years old
22
Q

What are the suppurative diseases of S. pyogenes?

A
  • pharyngitis -> mediated by streptolysins; sore throat, malaise, fever
  • scarlet fever -> strawberry tongue & rash
  • strep toxic shock
  • cellulitis
  • necrotizing fascitis
23
Q

What are the non-suppurative diseases of S. pyogenes?

A
  • rheumatic fever -> mediated by protein M; type 3 hypersensitivity
  • glomerulonephritis -> antibody- Ag complexes in glomeruli (type 3 hypersensitivity); occurs 10 days after infection
24
Q

Which exotoxin is associated with necrotizing fascitis & which with toxic shock syndrome?

A
  • necrotizing fascitis -> exotoxin B
  • toxic shock syndrome -> exotoxin A
25
Q

What are the virulence factors of S. agalactiae?

A
  • capsule
  • cell wall
  • enzymes
26
Q

What are the diseases of S. agalactiae?

A

presents as neonatal infections
* puerperal sepsis
* septicemia
* pneumonia
* meningitis

27
Q

How is S pyogenes diagnosed?

A
  • beta-hemolytic -> small white colonies & large hemolytic area
  • bacitracin sensitive
  • rapid test
28
Q

How is S agalactiae diagnosed?

A
  • beta-hemolytic -> large colonies & small hemolytic area
  • bacitracin resistant
29
Q

What are the characteristics of S pneumoniae?

A
  • oval/ lancet shaped
  • diplococci
30
Q

What are the virulence factors of S pneumoniae?

A

capsule

31
Q

What are the clinical diseases associated with S pneumoniae?

A
  • pneumonia
  • sinusitis
  • otitis media
  • bacteremia
  • meniingitis
32
Q

How is S. pneumoniae diagnosed?

A

alpha-hemolytic

Immunology/Microbiology (18 decks)

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