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Immunology/Microbiology > Major Histocompatability Complex > Flashcards

Major Histocompatability Complex Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the charcateristics of the MHC?

A
  • in all vertebrates
  • tightly linked cluster of genes
  • self vs non-self
  • critical in adaptive immunity
  • important for transplantation
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2
Q

What are the 3 genetic regions on chromosome 6?

A
  1. MHC Class 1 coded for by A, B, and C alleles
  2. MHC Class 2 coded for by DR, DQ, and DP
  3. MHC Class 3 codes for cytokines and complement components
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3
Q

What is syngeneic?

A

genetically indentical individuals

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4
Q

What is allogeneic?

A

genetically dissimilar individuals

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5
Q

How are the protein products of chromosome 6 class 1 MHC alleles expressed?

A

co-dominance

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6
Q

What is the relationship between MHC and T cells?

A
  • T cells DO NOT become stimulated by Ag alone
  • Ag must be presented to T cells
  • Ag is presented to TCR on T cells
  • Ag nestled wihtin MCH on APC is presented on TCR
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7
Q

What do T cells see as altered self?

A
  • allogenic MHC
  • allogenic MHC plus self peptide
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8
Q

Where is Class 1 expressed?

A
  • on all nucelated cells
  • predominantly on lymphocytes
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9
Q

What is the characteristic of peptide binding in Class 1?

A

self-peptides found in grooves of MHC

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10
Q

What is the importance of Class 1 HLA antigens?

A
  • presenting endogenous Ags
  • cell-mediated immunity -> T cells
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11
Q

What chains make up HLA Class 1?

A
  • alpha: coded for by HLA genes
  • beta-2 microglobulin
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12
Q

What chains make up HLA Class 2?

A

alpha and beta chains

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13
Q

How is the cleft created to hold Ag in Class 1?

A

alpha 1 and 2 domains fold

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14
Q

Is the beta chain in Class 1 polymorphic or non-polymorphic?

A

non-polymorphic

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15
Q

Where is Class 2 expressed?

A

on Ag presenting cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells)

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16
Q

Which chains are highly polymorphic?

A

aplha and beta chains in MHC Class 2

17
Q

What is the importance of Class 2?

A
  • presentation of exogenous Ag
  • humoral immunity
18
Q

What class interacts with CD8 (cytotoxic) positive cells?

A

Class 1

19
Q

What class interacts with CD4 (helper cell) positive cells?

A

Class 2

20
Q

What is the function of CD4 and CD 8?

A
  • CD 4 binds to beta-2 domain of MHC class 2
  • CD8 binds to alpha-3 domain of MHC class 1
21
Q

What are the 2 types of TCR?

A
  • alpha beta
  • gamma delta
22
Q

What leads to signaling?

A

TCR in combination with CD3 receptor

23
Q

What is education?

A

T cells learn to bind to self-MHC

24
Q

What are the stages of antigen processing and presentation?

A
  1. uptake: access to degradation pathways
  2. degradation: limited proteolysis of Ag to peptides
  3. Ag-MHC complex formation: peptides loaded onto MHC molecules
  4. Ag presentation: transport of peptide-MHC complex to surface
25
Q

What are the characteristics of endogenous antigens?

A
  • within cells as a result of cell metabolism
  • within infected cells (ex: viral, intracellular bacteria)
  • tumor cells
  • associate with MHC Class 1/ CD8 +
26
Q

What are the characteristics of exogenous antigens?

A
  • taken into Ag-presenting cells
  • ex: extracellular bacteria
  • processed into fragments
  • associate with MHC Class 2/ CD4+
27
Q

What are the major components of the endogenous pathway?

A
  • Class 1 MHC
  • TAP-1 and 2
  • proteasome
  • tapasin
28
Q

What are the steps of the endogenous pathway?

A
  1. cytoplasmic Ag endogenously processed
  2. peptides transported by TAP into ER
  3. MHC Class 1 made in ER
  4. tapasins attach MHC Class 1 molecules to TAP
  5. peptides transported into ER by TAP
  6. peptide MHC complexes transported to cell surface
  7. MHC/ Ag can interact with CD8+ cells
29
Q

What are the major components of the exogenous pathway?

A
  • endosomes
  • CLIP
  • invariant chain (Ii)
30
Q

What are the steps of the exogenous pathway?

A

1.protein Ags ingested by APCs (lysosomal vesicles)
2. protein Ags become peptides
3. Class 2 invariant chain is removed
4. DM removes CLIP
5. Class 2 molecules bind peptides from protein
6. peptide Class 2 MHC transported to cell surface
7. interact with CD4 + cells

31
Q

How does the receptor interact with the golgi in each pathway?

A
  • endo: present with Ag in golgi
  • exo: doesn’t receive Ag until it goes through golgi

Immunology/Microbiology (18 decks)

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