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Immunology/Microbiology > Enteric Bacteria > Flashcards

Enteric Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of secretory diarrhea?

A
  • no WBC or RBC present
  • large, watery volume
  • nausea & vomiting
  • afebrile
  • example: cholera
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of inflammatory diarrhea?

A
  • WBC present
  • fever
  • example: shigella
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3
Q

What are the characteristics of E coli?

A
  • gram - bacilli
  • facultative anaerobe
  • serogroups -> O=LPS, H = flagella, K= capsule
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4
Q

What are the pathotypes of E coli?

A
  • enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
  • enteropathogenic (EPEC)
  • enterohemorrhagic (EHEC)
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of ETEC?

A
  • endemic in developing countries -> traveler’s diarrhea
  • transmission: fecal-oral
  • symptoms: watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, no RBCs or WBCs
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6
Q

What are the virulence factors/pathogenesis of ETEC?

A
  • heat stabile (ST) toxin -> increased cGMP
  • heat labile (LT) toxin -> increased cAMP
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7
Q

What are the characteristics of EPEC?

A
  • endemic in underdeveloped countries
  • symtpoms: water diarrhea, malabsorption, no RBCs or WBCs
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8
Q

What are the virulence factors/pathogenesis of EPEC?

A
  • type 3 secretion system -> Tir
  • injects effectors directly from bacterial cytoplasm into host cytoplasm via injection pore
  • only in gram - bacteria
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9
Q

What are the characteristics of EHEC?

A
  • predominantly in developed nations -> cattle & undercooked beef
  • most common stereotype -> O157:H7
  • symptoms: watery diarrhea -> bloody
  • cramps
  • +/- fever
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10
Q

What are the virulence factors/pathogenesis of EHEC?

A
  • virulence -> shiga-like toxin
    1. pathogenesis of A/E lesion
    2. T3 secretion system injects shiga-like toxin
    3. inhibition of host cell protein snthesis
    4. cell death
    5. dissemination = hemolytic uremic syndrome
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11
Q

What is the diagnosis & treatment of E coli?

A
  • MacConkey agar: selective -> gram - bacteria; differential -> E coli (lactose +) turn pink
  • sorbitol-MacConkey (SMAC): used if EHEC suspected; O157 is sorbitol negative (other strains are positive)
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of vibrio cholerae?

A
  • gram - curved bacilli
  • polar flagellum
  • facultative anaerobe
  • transmission -> water supply, marine environment, fresh seafood
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13
Q

How much bacteria is needed to produce a vibrio cholerae infection?

A

> 1 million

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14
Q

What is the virulence factor & symptoms of vibrio cholerae?

A
  • virulence -> cholera toxin (increased cAMP= increased Cl- transport)
  • symptoms: acute onset of watery stools, rice water stools, low fever, little pain
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15
Q

What is the diagnosis & treatment of virbio cholerae?

A
  • diagnosis: blood & MacConkey agar
  • prevention: oral vaccine
  • treatment: supportive therapy & antibiotics
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16
Q

What is the pathogenesis of & diseases of the salmonella subspecies typhi?

A
  • reservoir: humans
  • infectious dose: about 1000
  • pathogenesis: macrophages ingest & carry organisms via lymph & blood
  • disease: enteric fever & septicemia
17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of & diseases of the salmonella subspecies non-typhi?

A
  • reservoir: humans, animals, feed, eggs, dair, water
  • infectious disease: 10 ^ 6
  • pathogenesis:invade cells lining the lumen
  • disease: non-bloody diarrhea
18
Q

What is the diagnosis & treatment of salmonella?

A
  • diagnosis: differential on XLD agar + stereotyping & lactose negative
  • prevention: S. typhi vaccine
  • treatment for non-typhi: antibiotics NOT recommended
  • treatment for typhi: fluoroquinolones, cephalosporin
19
Q

What is the diagnosis & treatment for shigella?

A
  • diagnosis: differential on XLD agar
  • treatment
    1. replacement of fluids & electrolytes
    2. antibiotics indicated insevere cases
    3. antidiarrheals are contraindicated
20
Q

What is the epidemiology of shigella?

A
  • 1-3 day incubation period; subsides in 10 days
  • transmission/origin: human disease in children; fecal-oral route
  • < 200 bacteria needed to produce
21
Q

What are the virulence factors and diseases of shigella?

A
  • virulence: invasins & shiga toxin
  • disease: shigellosis -> frequent bloody diarrhea, tenesmus, cramps, small stools, fever, hemolytic uremic syndrome
22
Q

What are the characteristics of campylobacter jejuni?

A
  • gram - bacilli, thin, curved
  • polar flagellum
  • reservoir: wild/domestic animals
  • transmission: contaminated food/water & direct contact with carrier animal
23
Q

What bacteria is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US?

A

campylobacter jejuni

24
Q

What are the virulence factors & symptoms of campylobacter jejuni?

A
  • virulence: adhesins, cytotoxin, enterotoxin
  • symptoms: rapid onset of watery to bloody diarrhea & Guillain-Barre syndrome
25
Q

What is the diagnosis & treatment of campylobacter jejuni?

A
  • diagnosis: gull wing shaped cells & campy agar
  • treatment: replacement of fluids + electrolytes & antibiotics indicated in severe cases

Immunology/Microbiology (18 decks)

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