Immunity Flashcards
What is immunity?
- identification of self vs non-self
- recognition of pathogens
What type of cells are non-immune cells that carry oxygen around the body?
red blood cells
What type of cells are immune cells and fight infections in the body?
white blood cells
What are the 2 types of white blood cells?
- granulocytes: have cytoplasmic granules
- agranulocytes: DO NOT have cytoplasmic granules
What are the types of granulocytes?
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
What are the types of agranulocytes?
- T cells
- B cells
- monocytes
What are the characteristics of innate immunity?
- first line of defense
- fast -> within hours, limited in scope
- present in ALL animals
- NO antibody
What cells are involved with innate immunity?
- macrophages
- neutrophils (most abundant)
- dendritic cells
- natural killer cells
What are the characteristics of adaptive immunity?
- slow -> within weeks
- present ONLY in vertebrates
What cells are involved with adaptive immunity?
lymphocytes (T cels, B cells, and plasma cells)
What cells of the immune system help adaptive immunity?
phagocytes
Where is innate immunity found?
- plants
- invertebrates & vertebrates
What is the anti-viral defense of innate immunity?
- NK cells
- cytokines
What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity?
passive & active
What are the characteristics of active immunity?
- give antigen
- takes a week to note response
- produce antibodies
- ex: vaccines
What are the characteristics of passive immunity?
- give immune sera
- immediate action
- produce phagocytes
- ex: anti-snake venom, breast-feeding
What immune response has memory?
adaptive
Which adaptive response is faster? Which is slower?
- faster= secondary
- slower= primary
In adaptive immunity, where does lymphocyte education occur?
- in primary lymphoid organs
- thymus (T cells) and bone marrow (B cells)
In adaptive immunity, where does the immune response occur?
- in secondary lymphoid organs
- spleen and lymph nodes
What are examples of immune dysfunction?
- immune response to self -> over-action of IS, cross reaction to Ags
- immunosuppression
- aging issues -> declines with age
- stress issues
- tumors
At what age are you least susceptible to infections and cancer?
20s
