Standardized outcome measures Flashcards
Norm referenced test
Compares child to same aged peers (reference group)
Raw score is converted to a comparison to the mean
Often used to establish eligibility for services (state funded programs)
Comparison scores in norm reference test
Z score
Percentile rank
Age equivalent
Examples of norm reference test
AIMS
PDMS II/PDMS 3
BOT II/BOTMP
Criterion referenced test
Compares child to themselves
Determines baseline of performance to compare to over time and can measure progress
Expressed as % or raw score, or scaled score (points out of total points available)
Example of criterion referenced test
GMFM
Other functions of standardized outcome measures
Prediction + research
AIMS
Alberta infant motor scale
Measures motor development
Characteristics of AIMS
Observational scale; scored on what you see
Criteria for AIMS
0-18 months
OR
Until a child is walking
(whatever comes first)
Is the AIMS norm referenced or criterion referenced
Norm
What standardized test of motor development is both criterion and norm referenced
PEDI
What is the age equivalent score
Mean age represented by a test score
Unique to peds
Most layman friendly way to show development
Be careful with how much it is used; can be unhelpful and can limit showing strengths and how to maximize capacity
Only refers to one domain of development
What does it mean if age equivalent score is less than chronological age?
Indicates motor development delay
DMQ
Developmental motor quotient
Function of DMQ
Helps understand significance of delay by creating ratio
Developmental age/chronological age X 100
100 is normal/average
Least mature behavior
AIMS
Behavior closest to the left observed
Most mature behavior
AIMS
Behavior closest to the right observed
AIMS bracket
Formed between least and most mature behaviors
-Give one point for each behavior observed in the bracket
-Give one point for each point prior to the least mature behavior
How to determine chronilogical age
Subtract DOB from date of assessment
How to calculate corrected age
Used in babies born before 38 weeks
Subtract # of weeks premature from chronological age
Only performed until age 2 (residual delay will hopefully be grown out of)
Where should interventions be focused with the AIMS
Behaviors within the bracket not observed
Behaviors to the right of the bracket when all bracket behaviors are observed
PDMS-3
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 3rd edition
What is the PDMS 3
Standardized test of gross + fine motor skills, and physical fitness
Looks at major developmental milestones in young children
Age range for PDMS
birth-5 years
3 skill areas (subtest) of gross motor section of PDMS
Body control
Body transport
Object control
Body control
Measures a child’s ability to control their body movements, balance, and coordination.
Tasks include maintaining balance, shifting weight, and performing controlled movements.
Body transport
Assesses locomotion skills such as crawling, walking, running, and jumping.
Measures a child’s ability to move from one place to another.
Object control
Focuses on fine motor skills related to manipulating objects.
Tasks involve catching, throwing, kicking, rolling and striking
2 skill areas (subtests) of fine motor section of PDMS
Hand manipulation
Eye hand coordination
Hand manipulation
Evaluates fine motor dexterity and precision.
Includes tasks like picking up small objects, stringing beads, and manipulating tools.
Eye hand coordination
Assesses the integration of visual and motor skills.
Tasks involve copying shapes, drawing, and other activities that require precise hand-eye coordination.
Supplemental subtest: physical fitness
Added to reflect current interest in overweight, obesity, and fitness testing of preschool children.
Assesses physical fitness components like strength, flexibility, and endurance.
Composites (PDMS)
global indexes of motor performance generated by results of subtests
Are composites or individual subtest scores more valid + reliable?
Composites
What is the purpose of determining chronological age in PDMS?
Calculated in months to determine the entry point of the test
Scoring of the PDMS
Items scored on 3 point scale
0: child cannot or will not attempt, or attempt does not show skill is emerging
1: clear resemblance to item criteria, but not fully met
2: Item is performed according to criteria
Basal level
child receives three 2s in a row at the entry point (or before, if entry point is not a 2)
All items below basal level are scored as a 2
Ceiling level
child scores 0 on three items in a row on harder tasks
testing is discontinued after ceiling is met. All items above are a 0
How is the PDMS scored?
Online scoring system is utilized
BOT 2
Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficency 2
What is the BOT
Standardized test for gross and fine motor skills
Is the BOT norm or criterion referenced
Norm
Ages for BOT
4-21
4 modes of administration for BOT
Complete form
Short form
Select composites
Select subsets
Composites of BOT
Fine manual control
Manual coordination
Body coordination **
Strength + agility **
Fine manual control
Control and coordination of distal musculature; hands and fingers esp for writing + drawing
Subtests of fine manual control
Fine motor precision
Fine motor integration
Manual coordination
Control and coordination of the arms and hands esp for object manipulation
Subtests of manual coordination
Manual dexterity
Upper limb coordination (visual tracking w coordinated arm + hand movement)
Body coordination
Control and coordination of large musculature that aids in maintaining posture + balance
Subtests of body coordination
BL coordination
Balance
BL coordination
Tasks require body contro, and sequential + simulataenous coordination of upper + lower limbs
Jumping in place (switching legs)
Tapping of hands and feet
Balance
Evaluates motor control skills integral for maintaining posture when standing, walking, or performing common activities
Walking forward on line
SLS on balance beam
Strength + agility
Control + coordination of large musculature involved in locomotion esp in rec and competitve sports
Subtests of strength + agility
RUnning speed + agility
Strength
Running speed + agility
Assesses running speed + agility
Shuttle run, hopping on one or both feet, and stepping over balance beam
Strength
Measure trunk, upper, lower body strength
Push ups + sit ups
