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Development of functional movement Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it important to understand motor development?

A
  • directly tied to cognition, language, and social skill development
    -Assessment of motor skills provides info towards identifying out of norm behaviors (developmental delays, neurodevelopmental disorders) and intervention planning + monitoring
    -understanding motor development improves task analysis and treatment across the lifespan
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2
Q

Role of cultural background in development

A

-Norms are based on averages of infants born in European culture which can lead to inaccuracies
-Cultural background must be considered

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3
Q

Impact of cross cultural research

A

Challenged assumptions that motor development follows fixed, predictable sequence

Gross motor development variations have been found based on cultural influences

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4
Q

T/f practicing skills (or not) accelerates/decelerates rate of development

A

True

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5
Q

Developmental ages

A

Infant
Early childhood
Middle childhood
Adolescent

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6
Q

Infant age

A

prenatal - 1 year

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7
Q

Early childhood age

A

1-4

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8
Q

Middle childhood

A

5-10

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9
Q

Adolescent

A

11-21

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10
Q

What comes first (apparently): total response or localized response

A

Total

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11
Q

What comes first (apparently): distal or proximal control

A

Proximal

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12
Q

What comes first (apparently): caudal or cephalic control

A

Cephalic

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13
Q

What comes first (apparently): medial or lateral control

A

Medial

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14
Q

What comes first (apparently): gross motor or fine motor

A

Gross motor

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15
Q

What comes first (apparently): flexor muscle tone or extensor muscle tone

A

Flexor

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16
Q

What comes first (apparently): flexor antigravity or extensor antigravity

A

Extensor antigravity

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17
Q

What comes first (apparently): Weight bearing on flexed extremities or extended extremities

A

Flexed extremities

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18
Q

4 phases of motor development

A

0-3 months
4-6 months
7-9 months
10-12 months

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19
Q

Major goal of 0-3 month stage

A

Head control in all planes

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20
Q

Major goal of 4-6 month stage

A

Control of arms + trunk

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21
Q

Major goal of 7-9 month stage

A

Control of lower trunk + pelvis

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22
Q

Major goal of 10-12 month stage

A

Mobility, control of legs, overall postural control

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23
Q

Characteristic of newborn

A

Physiologic flexion (flexion resulting from being in utero that provides a degree of stability + control)

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24
Q

Newborn movement

A

Random movements + reflexes

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25
Role of newborn reflexes
Support movement w/o control of voluntary movement Protective
26
Prone movements in newborn
Ability to lift the head and rotate side to side
27
Hand position of newborn
Hands fisted Reflexive grasp
28
Visual and oral development in newborn
Visual regard of environment Random disorganized eye movements Oral: sucking
29
Characteristic of one month
Transition More active extension: stretch, kick, and turning of head)
30
What limits active extension in the one month old?
Limited flexor control and remaining physiologic flexion
31
Head movements in one month old
Head lag in pull to sit Hold head upright momentarily in supported sit
32
Prone movement in one month old
Turn and lift head more easily
33
Hand positioning in one month old
Grasp reflex
34
Visual + oral development in one month old
Visual: tracks from periphery to midline Oral motor: hand to face
35
Why does the one month old have more extension?
Gravity + stretching
36
Why may lifting the head be difficult in a one month old?
Remaining flexion at the hips Elbows behind the shoulders
37
Characteristic of two month old
Disorganized; motor disaster Physiologic flexion diminishes; hypotonic
38
Why does the two month old appear to be hypotonic?
Lack of control; imbalance between flexors and extensors
39
Supine movements of two month old
more extended and asymmetrical (ATNR) Reciprocal kicking
40
Prone movements of two month old
Lifts head 45 deg
41
Astasia-Abasia
Characteristic of 2 month old LE appear disorganized, diminished standing and stepping (baby is bigger; doesn't have the strength anymore)
42
UE development of 2 month old
Random movement in wider ranges Asymmetrical swiping Briefly retains objects with involuntary release
43
Vision + oral motor in two month old
Vision: visually fixates on hand in ATNR. Tracks vertically Oral motor: voiced nasal sounds on exhalation (cooing)
44
Why is there more extension of the head in two month olds?
Hips are flatter (less flexion) Elbows in line with shoulders
45
Characteristic of tree month old
Beginning of symmetry; better balance between flexors + extensors
46
Common positions in three month old
Chin tuck + hold head midline Hand to hand grasp on chest Prop on forearms UE assist to hold head up in supported sitting Able to hold head up in supported sitting
47
What does midline indicate
Stability
48
UE development in three month old
Hands to mouth May swipe at toys Sustained voluntary grasp with involuntary release
49
Vision + oral motor in three month old
Vision: visually attends to objects, eyes and head move together Oral: uses mouth to explore toys/objects
50
Why is prone on elbows so beneficial?
Flexor + extensor activity Strengthens scapular muscles for further development
51
Characteristic of four month old
Symmetry
52
Supine movement in four month old
Hands to knees Bridging
53
Prone movement in 4 month old
Prop on forearms with extension of trunk -Attempt to reach for toys: lateral weight shift with collapse and accidental roll to supine -Landau begins
54
Landau
Extension of head and neck lifting arms and legs off surface
55
Sitting and standing in 4 month old
Sit upright supported at low trunk Graded bouncing in supported standing
56
UE development in 4 month old
Hold arm in space to make contact with toy; hand open to reach for toy
57
Vision + oral motor of 4 month old
Vision: visually directed reach + grasp Eyes begin to move independent of head Oral motor: babbling
58
Movement in what plane is necessary for weight shift?
frontal
59
Key characteristics of 0-3 month motor development
1. physiological flexion --> active extension 2. Clear airway in prone --> prop on elbows 3. Head bobbing --> head control 4. Discoordinated eye movements --> tracking horizontally + vertically 5. Reflexive grasp --> voluntary grasp 6. Crying --> cooing
60
Key characteristic of 7-9 month old
Becomes mobile + begins to explore environment Less predictable
61
Should a baby be spending a lot of time in supine at 7-9 months
No; supine becomes boring (skills have already been developed; nothing else to do) May be cause for concern if baby is spending a lot of time in supine
62
Prone skills 7-9 months
Pivot Assumes quadruped Creeps on hands + knees
63
Sitting skills 7-9 months
Transitions in + out of sitting pulls to stand Pull to stand through 1/2 kneel by 9 months
64
Standing skills 7-9 months
Cruise along furniture Walks with two hands held
65
UE skills 7-9 months
bilateral play radial digital grasp point + pinch
66
Feeding skills 7-9 months
Independent bottle feed Finger feed
67
Oral motor skills 7-9 months
Long chain babbling b/m/d/n
68
Crawling vs creeping
Crawling: stomach Creeping: hands + knees
69
Quadruped positioning requires control in which plane?
Frontal
70
Reciprocal creeping at faster speeds require control in what plane?
Transverse
71
Furniture cruising is movement in what plane?
Frontal
72
What is plantigrade position and what age range does it normally occur
Bear crawling/downward dog 10-12 months
73
Sitting during 10-12 months
VARIOUS sitting positions
74
Standing during 10-12 months
position of choice able to move from stand to sit stand to + from squat
75
Walking during 10-12 months
Climbs on furniture (precursor for walking) Stepping with 2 hands held Walk w one hand held
76
UE during 10-12 months
Inferior pincer grasp Removes socks Imitates adult use of tools (i.e comb)
77
Feeding + speech during 10-12 months
Cup drinking Self spoon fed First real words
78
Avg age for independent steps
1 year After 18 months: can become concern
79
Characteristics of first independent steps
High guard arms Wide BOS Low Center of gravity No heel strike Trouble stopping Quick cadence
80
High guard arms
Field goal arms Universal sign of instability
81
Why is there minimal heel strike in independent gait?
It requires too much distal dissociation

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