Standard 1 - Terms and definitions for Brainscape

Question 1

Agreement during the Constitutional Convention that slaves would be counted as 3/5 of a person when determining the # of representatives per state

Answer 1

3/5 Compromise

Question 2

Laws passed in the early 1800’s stating that people who spoke out against the government could be imprisoned and foreigners could be deported. KY & VA passed resolutions refusing to obey these laws.

Answer 2

Alien and Sedition Acts

Question 3

This was the first document outlining the relationship of the states. It allowed Congress to encourage states do do things, but didn’t give them the power to tax or force the states into anything.

Answer 3

Articles of Confederation

Question 4

The first 10 Amendments to the US - They were added because the Anti-Federalists refused to ratify the Constitution unless basic rights were guaranteed

Answer 4

Bill of Rights

Question 5

Event when British soldiers fired on a crowd of demonstraters and killed 5 of them. This led to the American Revolution

Answer 5

Boston Massacre

Question 6

Early examples of these include rice, indigo, and tobacco, but NOT cotton. (At least, until the cotton gin was invented)

Answer 6

Cash Crops

Question 7

The idea that each branch of government should keep an eye on the others to make sure they don’t take too much power for themselves.

Answer 7

Checks and Balances

Question 8

Document written by the colonies to explain to the world why they were separating from England.

Answer 8

Declaration of Independence

Question 9

This is the type of government we have: We vote on some issues, but allow people to represent us on more complex issues.

Answer 9

Democratic Republic

Question 10

Government arrangement where states and a central government have some separate powers and some that overlap

Answer 10

Federalism

Question 11

Documents written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to encourage the ratification of the Constitution

Answer 11

Federalist Papers

Question 12

People who believed that the strong central government described in the Constitution would be in the best interest of the American people

Answer 12

Federalists

Question 13

People who believed that the Constitution should not be ratified because they thought it gave the central government too much power over people’s lives

Answer 13

Antifederalists

Question 14

War between Britain & France. To defend the colonies, the British sent many soldiers. To pay for this war, England taxed the colonies.

Answer 14

French & Indian War

Question 15

Agreement at the Constitutional Convention that the US would have a bicameral system. The makeup of one house would be based on the population of the states. The other house would be made up of an equal number from each state.

Answer 15

Great Compromise

Question 16

Secretary of the Treasury in Washington’s cabinet. Frequently argued with Jefferson over their interpretation of the US Constitution. His followers called themselves “Federalists”

Answer 16

Hamilton

Question 17

Secretary of State in Washington’s cabinet. Frequently argued with Alexander Hamilton over their interpretation of the US Constitution. His followers called themselves “Democratic-Republicans”

Answer 17

Jefferson

Question 18

First representative body in the American colonies. (In Virginia)

Answer 18

House of Burgesses

Question 19

Wrote “The Social Contract” and believe that the basic rights of all men are “life, liberty, and property”

Answer 19

John Locke

Question 20

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court remembered for greatly strengthening the power of the court in cases like “Marbury v. Madison” and “Gibbons v. Ogden”

Answer 20

John Marshall

Question 21

Power of the Supreme Court to determine if laws passed by Congress are Constitutional. (Marbury v. Madison)

Answer 21

Judicial Review

Question 22

First battle of the American Revolution

Answer 22

Lexington & Concord

Question 23

The idea that government can do only what the Constitution allows it to do.

Answer 23

Limited Government

Question 24

English document that severely limited the power of the king

Answer 24

Magna Carta

Question 25

Court case remembered for instituting “Judicial Review”

Answer 25

Marbury v. Madison

Question 26

Agreement signed by the Pilgrims stating that they would submit to the laws of their government

Answer 26

Mayflower Compact

Question 27

Hamilton & Jefferson argued over whether the US government had the power to create this to manage the $$ of the United States

Answer 27

National Bank

Question 28

Land organized under the Articles of Confederation creating the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

Answer 28

Northwest Ordinance

Question 29

The idea that whoever controls the money controls everything.

Answer 29

Power of the Purse

Question 30

Religious group who colonized the New England area because they wanted to practice their religion freely. (They did NOT, however, offer freedom of religion to those who disagreed with them)

Answer 30

Puritans

Question 31

Religious group that believed all have an “inner light”. Found in the Mid-Atlantic states - especially Pennsylvania. Were among the first abolitionists.

Answer 31

Quakers

Question 32

Member of the Massachusetts colony who was exiled for teaching the separation of church & state - went on to found Rhode Island

Answer 32

Roger Williams

Question 33

Idea that all - even those in government - must obey the laws of the land

Answer 33

Rule of Law

Question 34

Term meaning that because England respected the colonies, they left them on their own to run their own affairs.

Answer 34

Salutary neglect

Question 35

Turning point of the Revolutionary War. After this battle, the French helped us because they believed we might actually be able to win.

Answer 35

Saratoga

Question 36

The belief that each branch of government should be given different powers so that no one branch has too much.

Answer 36

Separation of Powers

Question 37

Event when a number of former soldiers, upset that they had not received their military pensions, shut down the local government. This demonstrated the weakness of the Articles of Confederation.

Answer 37

Shay’s Rebellion

Question 38

Agreement at the Constitutional Convention that they would not discuss the slave trade or do anything about it for at least 20 years.

Answer 38

Slave Trade Compromise

Question 39

John Locke believed that society held together because of this agreement where the government promised to protect its people and people promised to obey the government.

Answer 39

Social Contract

Question 40

1st Direct tax placed on the colonists during the colonial period. This angered them and led to a boycott

Answer 40

Stamp Act

Question 41

People who interpret the Constitution literally and believe the government can do no more than what it specifically states

Answer 41

Strict Constructionists

Question 42

The group of people formally responsible for electing the President of the United States

Answer 42

The Electoral College

Question 43

Treaty that formally ended the Revolutionary War

Answer 43

Treaty of Paris

Question 44

Statements issued by two states declaring that they would not obey the Alien & Sedition laws

Answer 44

VA & KY Resolutions

Question 45

Plan discussed at the Constitutional Convention that would have given states a varying number of representatives based on each state’s population.

Answer 45

VA Plan

Question 46

Event when farmers in the north revolted against the government because of a tax increase on whiskey

Answer 46

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 47

Quaker who founded Pennsylvania

Answer 47

William Penn

Question 48

Final battle of the Revolutionary War

Answer 48

Yorktown

Question 49

One of the two original politcal parties - This one followed the strict Constitutional interpretation practices of Thomas Jefferson.

Answer 49

Democratic Republicans

Question 50

Plan discussed at the Constitutional Convention that would have given all states an equal number of representatives. This was offered as a direct alternative to the VA plan.

Answer 50

NJ Plan

Question 51

People who stretch their interpretation of the Constitution so that they can do whatever is “necessary and proper”

Answer 51

Loose Constructionists