stallion

Question 1

stallion

Answer 1

entire male horse >4 yrs old

Question 2

testes descend into scrotum

Answer 2

at or shortly after birth
if not descended may occur up to 24 months old

Question 3

puberty of males

Answer 3

maximal sexual maturity 4-5 years and retained until about 20 years

Question 4

spermatogenesis

Answer 4

takes about 30 days

Question 5

daily sperm output

Answer 5

output after all stored spermatozoa used up

Question 6

semen quality influenced by

Answer 6

testicular size
testicular efficinecy
age
season
frequency of ejaculations
general health/injury

Question 7

testicular size

Answer 7

larger testes, more sperm

Question 8

testicular efficiency

Answer 8

greater percentage of testicle that is producing sperm

Question 9

younger stallions

Answer 9

produce less sperm and run risk of being overworked

Question 10

contagious equine metritis

Answer 10

swab:urethra, urethral fossa, penile sheath, pre ejaculatory fluid (if available)

Question 11

artervac vaccine

Answer 11

protects against equine viral arteritis
-eva causes abortion
-stallions carriers
-notifiable
-blood test first to prove seronegative

Question 12

orchitis treatment

Answer 12

cold therapy
massage
support
diuretics
topical treatments
anti inflammatory

Question 13

Paraphimosis

Answer 13

inability to retract penis back
support with truss
maybe ga, roll on back, gently but firmly replace penis in sheath and place preputial orifice

Question 14

neoplasia

Answer 14

sarcoids
sqaumous cell carcinoma
melanoma
seminoma
papillomas

Question 15

priapism

Answer 15

persistent and painful erection
surgically corrected by flushing corpus cavernosum with heparinised saline under ga

Question 16

artificial insemination

Answer 16

transported
stored
ejaculates divided into smaller doses
reduces risk of venereal disease

Question 17

orchitis

Answer 17

career threatening injury
-anti-inflammatories
-cold therapy
-massage
-support
-diuretics
-topical treatments

Question 18

paraphimosis

Answer 18

inability to retract penis
-support with a truss
-can give ga, roll on abck, gently but firmly replace penis in sheath and place purse string suture across preputial orifice

Question 19

priapism

Answer 19

persistent erection
-flush corupus cavernosum with heparinised saline under ga

Question 20

scrotal and penile dermatitis

Answer 20

may cause sufficient inflammation to affect mating or sperm production

Question 21

neoplasia

Answer 21

potentially career threatening
sarcoids
scc
melanoma
seminoma
papillomas

Question 22

artificial insemination

Answer 22

semen can be transported, stored
can be divided into smaller doses
reduces risk of veneral disease
reduces post mating endometritis
not acceptable for thoroughbred authorities

Question 23

semen collection

Answer 23

dummy mare, artifical vagina, mare in season

Question 24

fresh semen

Answer 24

use within few hours
if stallion very local or physically unable to mate
can be treated with extenders(increase lifespan of sperm, may contain antibiotics), often are milk or egg based

Question 25

chilled semen

Answer 25

lasts up to 48 hrs
mixed with extenders, slowly cooled to 5degrees C

Question 26

frozen semen

Answer 26

treated with extenders and cryoprotectants
sealed straws
stored in liquid nitrogen

Question 27

insemination

Answer 27

fresh and chilled semen through cervix
rubber bunged syringes spermicidal

frozen semen straws warmed to 37 dC in water bath, dried, unsealed and isemiated via insemination gun either through cervix or into uterine horn on side of ovulation

Question 28

timing of insemination

Answer 28

fresh and chilled semen same as for natureal service (up to 48hrs before ovulation)

frozen semen up to 12 hrs before or 6hrs after ovulation