equine

Question 1

complications of nasogastric intubation

Answer 1

haemorrhage
oesophageal perforation
inhalational pneumonia

Question 2

avoiding complications regarding nasogastric intubation

Answer 2

appropriate tube
ensure horse restrained
pass tube along ventral meatus
never force tube
ensure it is in oesphagus before admin fluids

Question 3

what would you do if a horse suffered from haemorrhage during ng intubation?

Answer 3

leave horse quietly for 5-10 mins, dont pack nasal passages
-if continues, endoscopy and clotting profiles

Question 4

oesphageal perforation

Answer 4

uncommon
excessive force, 2ndry to existing problem
suspect if blood of ng tube
full thickness perforations poor prognosis

Question 5

inhalation pneumonia

Answer 5

water inhalation small quantities not usually a prob. large quantities can result in pulmonary oedema/inhalational pneumonia
-liquid paraffin can cause severe lipoid pneuomonia

Question 6

Rectal tear increased risk

Answer 6

arabians
colts/stallions
colics
fractious horses
using us probe

sedate if necessary +/-butylscoplamine
never push against the rectum if horse strains

Question 7

rectal tears classification

Answer 7

grade 1 mucosa and submucosa
grade 2 muscularis only
grade 3a muscoa, muscularis
grade 3b mucosa, muscularis and serosa
grade 4 mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa

Question 8

how to treat rectal tear

Answer 8

broad spec abs penicillin/gentamicin
flunixin meglumine
tetanus status
+/- epidural anaesthhetic and packing of rectum

Question 9

Treatment of rectal tears

Answer 9

grade 1 and 2=medical
grade 3,4= medical, surgical, euthanasia

Question 10

Stable fire injuries

Answer 10

burns
smoke inhalation–>penicillin and gentamicin
corneal ulcers
hypovolaemia