LRT Dz individuals

Question 1

Pleuropneumonia organism

Answer 1

opportunistic infection
-strep equi subsp zooepidemicus

Question 2

Cause of pleuropneumonia

Answer 2

aspiration
anaesthesia
Equine infleunza
equine herpes virus
long distance travel
immunosuppression
high intensity exercise

Question 2

Epidemiology risk factors of pleuropneumonia

Answer 2

oropharyngeal bacteria contaminate LRT
immunosuppression
failure of LRT primary defence mechanisms

Question 3

clinical signs of pleuropneumonia

Answer 3

fever
pleurodynia–>tachycardia, restless, elbow abduction, anorexia
bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge
dyspnoea
may not cough

Question 3

diagnosing pleuropneumonia

Answer 3

auscultation
blood tests–>inflammatory changes(WBC, SAA, fib)
us–>aplieptical tip surrounded by fluid
rads
trans tracheal aspirate–>culture(not nasopharynx sampled and therefore no contamination)
thoracocentesis–>culture and cytology

Question 4

Treating pleuropneumonia

Answer 4

broad spec abs eg pen/gent/metro
base on c&s afterwards
antiinflammatories and analgesia–>NSAIDs+/-opiates
drain chest oxygen
ivft
supportive care

Question 5

Lungworm

Answer 5

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi
rare
donkeys are asymptomatic reservoirs of infection for horses

Question 6

diagnosing lung worm

Answer 6

identifying worms in tracheal wash or BAL
eosinophils in TW or BAL do not indicate lungworm

Question 7

treating lungworm

Answer 7

ivermectins
horses grazed with donkeys should recieve ivermectin regularly

Question 8

EHV-5 Equine multinodular pulmoary fibrosis

Answer 8

suspect when asthma not responding to treatment

Question 9

Neoplasia

Answer 9

primary <10%–>granular cell tumour

metastic–>haemangiosarcomam, lymposarcoma, carcinomas, malignant melanoma

Question 10

Diagnosing EHV-5 EMPF

Answer 10

PCR and lung biopsy

Question 11

treating EHV-5 and EMPF

Answer 11

Valacyclovir
poor prognosis