foal orthopaedics

Question 1

what is septic synovitis

Answer 1

> 20*10^9 nucleated cells/L
80% neutrophils
tp >30-35g/L

Question 2

Prognosis fair to good

Answer 2

rapid treatment
single joint
no bone involvement
systemically well

Question 3

guarded to grave prognosis

Answer 3

long time between dx and tx
>1 joint involved
bone involvement–>epiphyseal or phseal
concurrent systemic illness–>fpt, neonatal hypoxia, immune deficiency

Question 4

valgus

Answer 4

lateral deviation

Question 5

varus

Answer 5

medial deviation

Question 6

if cannot straighten limb manually

Answer 6

bone

Question 7

if can straighten the limb manually

Answer 7

dysmature
peri-articular laxity

Question 8

Carpus and fetlock rads

Answer 8

dorsopalmar

Question 9

tarus rads

Answer 9

DP and lateromedial

Question 10

incomplete ossification of carpal bones

Answer 10

high risk of crushing injury to cuboidal bones
restricted exercise
bandage with splint–>light, digit not within splint
repeat rads every 2 wks
balanced nutrition

Question 11

peri-articular laxity

Answer 11

controlled exercise to strengthen peri-articular soft tissues
-careful with banaging
-usually resolves unless sytemic probs

Question 12

acquired ald

Answer 12

imbalanced nutrition–>excessive energy (grain, concs), mineral imbalnce(lack of cu, excessive zn)
genetics
trauma
damage to growth cartilage leads to abnormal/asymeetric growth. Overload opposite limb

Question 13

treating ALD

Answer 13

depends on aetiology of ald, age, joint involvement, severity, concomitant probs

conservative–>limit exercise, bandage, splints, corrective hoof trimming, limit mare and foal nutrition

surgery–>growth acceleration, growth retardation

Question 14

treating valgus

Answer 14

lower lateral, so raise medial

Question 15

treating varus

Answer 15

lower medial so raise lateral

Question 16

surgically treating ALD

Answer 16

always with conservative–>hoof balance, restrict diet, rest
stimulate growth on concave side to elevate periosteum
-perform early during rapid growth
-just proximal to physis
-do not over correct
retard growth on convex side–>bridge the physis
-mod and severe cases
-less severe not responsive
-remove implants once straightened

Question 17

ald prognosis good

Answer 17

early treatment
physis or epiphysis

Question 18

ald prognosis fair/poor

Answer 18

diaphyseal
crushed cuboidal bones
severe angulation
2ndry DJD

Question 19

Superficial digital flexor tendon

Answer 19

origin–>distal humerus, proximal radius
insertion–>accessory ligament(distal palmar radius), distal PI, proximal PII

Question 20

role of SDFT

Answer 20

flexion of MCP/MTP joint

Question 21

deep digital flexor tendon

Answer 21

origin–>humeral epicondyle, medial olecranon, proximal radius
inserts–>palmar PIII

Question 22

role of deep digital flexor tendon

Answer 22

flexion of dip joint

Question 23

digital hyperextension

Answer 23

mild/mod–>with exercise laxity reduces
severe–>protect heel bulbs/palmar fetlocks, palmar/plantar extensions. BANDAGES AVOID if possible