peri parturient problems in the mare

Question 1

pre parturient

Answer 1

colic–>foal moving, gi colic, uterine torsion, colonic infarctions
over large mare–>ventral oedema, prepubic tendon rupture, placentitis, varicose veins, orthopaedic disease, hydrops(hydrallantois, hydraminos)

Question 2

intrapartum

Answer 2

dystocia
uterine rupture
uterine tear
cervical tears
perineal tears

Question 3

post parturient

Answer 3

colic–>uterine cramps, gi colic, uterine haemorrhage, colonic torsion, uterine horn inversion, colonic infarctions/necrosis
prolapse–>uterine, rectum

retained placenta, metritis, hypocalcaemia, tetanus

Question 4

foal movement colic

Answer 4

should respond to mild/mod analgesia (bsucopan or phenylbutazone)

Question 5

necrosis/rupture of caecum and colon

Answer 5

due to weight of foal
look for signs of endotoxaemia/peritonitis

Question 5

uterine torsion

Answer 5

usually last 3rd of pregnancy
usually low grade chronic or intermittent, can be severe
diagnosis–>rectal palp, one tight broad ligament. vag exam not helpful, as need to twist cranial to cervis
treatment–> surgery, standing flank laparotomy, ga and midline laarotomy
prognosis–> 50% for live foal, 70% for lvie mare

Question 6

ventral odema

Answer 6

due to compression of lymphatic drainage by foal
if non painful and uniform no need to treat

Question 7

pre-pubic tendon rupture

Answer 7

due to weight of foetus
more common in older mares
large plaque of painful oedema continuous with udder
may be bloody discharge in milk
often signs of colic
spends more time recumbent

treatment
-analgesia–>bute
-need assistance foaling
will resolve if marfe nursed throguh to foaling, often becomes worse and painful, euthanasia
don’t breed from again

Question 8

hydrops aminion/allantois

Answer 8

excessive fluid in allantoic/aminiotic space
foals usually deformed
diagnosis–>rectal , with huge fluid filled uterus with foal out of reach
treatment–>induce foaling/abortion,
dilate cervix, drain fluid off slwoly
manually remove foal

Question 9

placentitis

Answer 9

eventually lead to abortion
ascending infection from cervix
strep spp, ecoli, aspergillus
premature udder development and lacation +/-vaginal discharge

diagnosis–>clinical signs, placental thickening on us, cervical swabs if discharge

treatment–>potentiated sulphonamides, bute

Question 10

varicose veins

Answer 10

most common cause of vaginal bleeding
more likely in pregnant or older mares
usually no treatment required