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H3 > STALIN > Flashcards

STALIN Flashcards

1
Q

When did Stalin introduce collectivisation?

A

November 1929

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2
Q

Why did Stalin introduce collectivisation? (3)

A

Wanted to move toward a command economy (central planning)
Wanted to break the peasants hold on the economy after the grain crisis
Needed more modern farming methods

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3
Q

Grain procurement crisis

A

Peasants hoarding grain- Stalin used the kulaks as a scapegoat (dekulakisation)

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4
Q

How did Stalin tackle the grain procurement crisis?

A

Active opponents of collectivisation deported
Counter revolutionaries shot or sent to forced labour settlements
Expelled from farms

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5
Q

When was the liquidation of the kulaks?

A

December 1929

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6
Q

Why did Stalin liquidate the kulaks?

A

Frighten the middle and poor peasants into joined kolkhozes

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7
Q

Peasant reaction to collectivisation

A

Peasants rioted, slaughtered their animals in protest

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8
Q

Political impact of NEP

A

Move toward communism

Stalin scapegoated officials (‘dizzy with success’)

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9
Q

How many had joined collectives by 1936?

A

90%

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10
Q

Economic impact of collectivisation

A

Led to grain hoarding

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11
Q

Social impact of collectivisation

A

Kulaks targeted under collectivisation (kulaks and NEP-men thrived under NEP)

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12
Q

Focus of the frst Five-Year Plan

A

Heavy industry

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13
Q

Focus of the second Five-Year Plan

A

Consumer goods

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14
Q

Focus of the third Five-Year Plan

A

Military

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15
Q

Statistic for the First Five-Year Plan

A

Goal for steel was 8 million tonnes

Produced 4 million

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16
Q

Political impacts of the Second World War (3)

A

Cold War
Spheres of influence
Berlin Blockade

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17
Q

Social impacts of the Second World War

A

27 million Russians killed- 2/3 civilians

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18
Q

Economic impact of WW2

A

Berlin Blockade

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19
Q

Living conditions under Stalin

A

Reversed changes made by Lenin- overcrowding became the norm

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20
Q

Working conditions under the Communists

A

Ironically, worse than under Tsars

Low pay, long hours, 1932 onwards 12 hr day

21
Q

By 1930, there were _ million children attending schools

A

3 million

22
Q

Stalin school reform

A

Banned Gymnasia schools- replaced by polytechnics

23
Q

Living standards under Stalin

A

Improvement- built housing blocks on collective farms

24
Q

Limitations of Stalin’s living standards reforms

A

Kulaks were given the worst housing- barracks or tented shelters

25
Q

An estimated _ to _ million kulak families were deported to Siberia

A

1 to 3

26
Q

Famines under Stalin

A

Suffering made worse by repression

Used as a tool to control

27
Q

Policing under Stalin

A

NKVD- relentless during show trials and purge and show trials

28
Q

Use of army under Stalin

A

Used the Red Army to requisition grain and to administer the purges

29
Q

Propaganda under Stalin

A

The Stakonovite movement

30
Q

Effect of the second Five-Year plan

A

By 1937 Russia was self-sufficient in machinery

31
Q

How many bishops executed under Stalin

A

117/160

32
Q

By 1937 __% of Russians said that they were religious

A

57%

33
Q

Soviet order 270

A

Essentially banned soldiers from surrendering- ‘fight to the last’

34
Q

Soviet order 227

A

‘Not a step back’

Those who did were shot on the spot

35
Q

Women in the 1930s

A

Negatively impacted by industrialisation and collectivisation- overcrowding, unemployment, prostitution

36
Q

Family Code of May 1936

A

Emphasis on family life

Made abortion illegal, more difficult to obtain a divorce

37
Q

Positives for women

A

60% of undergraduates were women by 1940

38
Q

Clergy reduced by __% under Stalin

A

60%

39
Q

Opposition to religion under Stalin

A

League of the Militant Godless (1925)

40
Q

The General Secretary

A

Could control who came in and who left the party

41
Q

1930 failure in collectivisation

A

Stalin scapegoated officials- ‘dizzy with success’

42
Q

Literature and art

A

1932 reorganised- only promoted socialist realism

43
Q

What positions did Stalin hold that gave him power? (2)

A

General Secretary

Liason between the Orgburo and the Politburo

44
Q

Railway stat for Stalin

A

1937 Russia was self-sufficient in machinery and communications

45
Q

__ million made homeless by WW2

A

25 million

46
Q

Wages under Stalin

A

Real wages fell 50% in the First Five-Year Plan

47
Q

1931 grain production

A

9%

48
Q

Coal in the First Five-Year Plan

A

Increased by 100%

H3 (7 decks)

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