NICHOLAS II Flashcards
When did Nicholas II become Tsar?
1894
When did the Russo-Japanese War begin?
1904
Who led the march on Bloody Sunday?
Father Gapon
3 main types of opposition during NII
Populist
Marxist
Liberal
When did the SD’s split into the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks?
1903
What was the violent branch of the SD’s called?
The Combat Detachment
When was the Lena Goldields massacre?
1912
What did Stolypin’s agricultural reforms allow?
Peasants could leave the mir and consolidate their strips of land
How far did coal production grow between 1894 and 1914?
5.9 to 33.8 million tons
How good was Russia’s coal, pig iron and steel production by 1914?
Fourth largest producer
When did NII become command in chief?
August 1915
When did the Romanovs celebrate their tricentenary?
1913
Which treaty was signed at the end of the Russo-Japanese war?
Treaty of Portsmouth
When was the October Manifesto?
17 Oct 1917
Who persuaded NII to sign the October Manifesto?
Sergei Witte
When did the 1st Duma meet?
1906
How many days did the first Duma last for?
42
Appeal after the 1st Duma
Vyborg Appeal
Which laws limited the power of the Dumas?
The Fundamental Laws
When were the Fundamental Laws passed?
1906
When were the Electoral Laws passed?
1907
Nickname for the hangman’s noose in NII’s reign
Stolypin’s necktie
When was Stolypin assassinated?
1911
What date was International Womens Day?
23 Feb 1917
Who did NII abdicate in favour of?
Grand Duke Micheal (brother)
Which group did the Provisional Government form out of?
The Progressive Bloc
Political impact of WW1 (2)
Arguably end of tsarism- creation of the Provisional Gov
Leadership of Alexandra left a power vacuum
Economic impact of WW1 (3)
Shell crisis highlighted problems with Russian industry
War cost 3 billion roubles- financial burden
400% inflation
Social impact of WW1
1.7 million dead
Social unrest due to military failures
Politcal impact of the Russo-Japanese War
Had to acknowledge Japanese sovereignty to Korea
Set up of Dumas in 1906
Economic impact of the Russo-Japanese war
Further investment in transport- defeat highlighted inadequacy
By the end of the 1800s, about __% of the Russian population were living in towns and cities (as opposed to __% in Britain)
15% in Russia, 80% in Britain
Over __% of housing was made from wood
Over 50%
By the end of the 1800’s, __% of the population was still reliant on agriculture
80%
Use of army under NII
Used to control workers protests
Propaganda under NII
Tercentenary event in 1913
Why was the Duma largely ineffectual?
Made up largely of politicians who were committed to autocracy
Example of evidence of how little power the Duma had
In 1915, the Progressive Bloc demanded a National Government to take control of the war effort. Nicholas responded by suspending the Duma and taking the army into his own control
Industrialisation under NII
10% of workers working in factories
Under NII __ of the workforce were women
20%
Council of Ministers
Senior politicians who drafted domestic policies in 1905
Imperial Chancellery
The State Council
Upper chamber of the Duma, set up by the Fundamental Laws- protected the Tsars autocracy
1907 Electoral Laws
Excluded peasants from voting
How did the Fundamental Laws increase Nicholas’ power?
Introduced upper chamber and lower chamber
Why was the Duma ineffective?
Favoured those who owned property
Tsar had the authority to disband the Duma
1896 survey
Revealed overcrowding- 4 to 6 people to a bed
Example of improved living standards
1911 sewage system in St Petersburg
Working day under Nicholas II
1896 set at 11 hours
How many peasants left as a result of Stolypin’s reforms?
2 million
Evidence of Witte’s shortcomings
Economy in WW1 fell apart
Russian coal production in WW1
Only 10% of that of Britain’s at the start of WW1
