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H3 > KHRUSHCHEV > Flashcards

KHRUSHCHEV Flashcards

1
Q

Khrushchev’s two major changes made to Soviet government

A

Democratisation of the communist party

Decentralisation of control

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2
Q

Democratisation of the communist party- impact

A

1954 to 1964 membership of party increased from 6.9 million to 11 million
Comrade courts
New members- workers and peasants

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3
Q

How did Khrushchev give power to the people?

A

Revived ‘comrade courts’- ran by ordinary members of the party

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4
Q

Decentralisation of control

A

Khrushchev transferred power from the central government to the 15 republics

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5
Q

How did Khrushchev improve standard of living ?

A

1958 abolished education fees
Increased minimum wage
Students in higher education trebled

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6
Q

Examples of de-stalinisation (2)

A

Released prisoners from gulags

Renamed Stalingrad Vologograd

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7
Q

Economic successes

A

25% increase in procurement prices

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8
Q

Economic failures under Khrushchev

A

Agriculture still backward
Quantity > quality
Failure of the Virgin Lands campaign

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9
Q

Social reform successes

A

Doubled housing stock

Improved standard of living

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10
Q

Standard of living improvements

A

Doubled housing stocks

1958 abolition of student fees

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11
Q

Political impact of the Cold War (2)

A

Policy of co-existence

Iron curtain

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12
Q

Economic impact of the Cold War (2)

A

Sep 1947 Cominform set up

Cost of space race

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13
Q

Postive change to agriculture made by Khrushchev

A

Agriculture was made a higher priority at the 21st Party Congress

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14
Q

Downfalls in agriculture under Khrushchev

A

Virgin Lands

Meat and dairy prices increased- protests in Nobocherkassk

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15
Q

Set up ___ regional economic councils

A

105

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16
Q

Successes in industry under Khushchev (2)

A

Diesel trains added to railways and tracks electrified

USSR led in the space race

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17
Q

Co-existence with West under Khrushchev- successes

A

Became more peaceful than under Stalin

Met with Eisenhower

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18
Q

Failures regarding co-existence with the West

A

Ideological failures

Cold War strained relations

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19
Q

German foreign pol failures

A

Shaped by pressure
East Germany lived in pov
Ultimatum failed, Berlin Wall constructed

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20
Q

Failures foreign policy with Cuba

A

Cuban missie crisis- failed as Soviet ships backed down from USA’s naval blockade

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21
Q

Operation in which missiles were placed in Cuba

A

Operation Anadyr

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22
Q

Why was foreign policy with China under Khrushchev a failure ?

A

Failed to ally- childish behaviour eg shoe banging at UN

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23
Q

Khrushchev as autocratic/ repressive

A

Using the army to arrest Beria
KGB
Hungarian uprising- execution of Nagy

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24
Q

Sacrificing of ideology under Khrushchev

A

Decentralisation of the communist party into 15 republics

Communal living abandoned

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25
Q

Students in higher education….

A

Trebled unde Khrushchev

26
Q

Successes in Khrushchev’s policy toward minorities and satellite states

A

Managed to gain support from Tito over the Hungarian uprising
Got the backing of other socialist states for his handling of the Hungarian crisis
Prevented West from taking control of Berlin
Took a strong position against China

27
Q

Khrushchev taking a strong stance against China

A

Declined to provide China with military support for the Taiwan USA conflict

28
Q

Government reform under Khrushchev to make the party more democratic/ move away from Stalinism

A

Fixed terms for senior communists- reduced individual power

29
Q

Khrushchev’s prison reforms

A

1958 New Criminal Code

Made evidence essential for conviction

30
Q

1958 New Criminal Code

A

Evidence essential for conviction

De-Stalinisation

31
Q

Evidence of Khrushchev’s success in party reforms

A

His overthrow in 1964 was bloodless and proved that the party’s power was independent of the leader
Bloodless

32
Q

Limitations of de-Stalinisation

A

Was still prepared to use violence eg Nagy

Punishment for the criticism of the party

33
Q

1962 Party division

A

Split into industrial and agricultural divisions

34
Q

Religion under Khrushchev

A

New moral code to promote atheism. Essentially replaced the Bible

35
Q

What did Khrushchev do that suggested he used his power for selfish intentions- contributed to his fall?

A

Appointed his son-in-law as editor of Izvestia

36
Q

May 1955 Austrian State Treaty

A

Showed that Khrushchev was willing to co-operate with the West

37
Q

Railways under Khrushchev

A

Tracks electrified

Diesel trains added

38
Q

Working day

A

1958 introduced 7hr working day

39
Q

Limitations in working conditions under Khrushchev

A

1962 protests in Nobochovassk over wage cuts

40
Q

Acres of land cultivated in the Virgin Lands scheme

A

96 million acres

41
Q

Success in light industry under Khrushchev

A

25% increase in clothing

42
Q

Limitations in light industry under Khrushchev

A

Neglected some sectors like footwear

43
Q

Ending of Korean War and Indo-China War

A

Suggested that Khrushchev did deal with the Cold War effectively

44
Q

Dealing with the West effectively

A

Attempt to negotiate the Berlin Crisis- Geneva w/ Eisenhower

45
Q

How did relations with China worsen co-existence and communist relations?

A

Shattered unity of communism

46
Q

Failure in Cold War w/ west

A

Provocative behaviour initiated Berlin Crisis

47
Q

Not a break from de-Stalinisation

A

Intended to keep satellite states communist

48
Q

1956 Polish riot

A

60 killed, 200 wounded

49
Q

Good relationship w/ satellite states

A

Release of and negotiation with Gomulka (Poland)

50
Q

1956 grain procurement %

A

Produced over 50% of harvest

51
Q

Why did the new collective farms not work?

A

Not enough capital to invest in equipment

52
Q

Evidence of Stalinist traditions coming to an end

A

Khrushchev’s fall in 1964 was bloodless

53
Q

Similarities in reforms

A

Both Alexander and Khrushchev willingly reformed- liberal outlook, conscious of competition

54
Q

Khrushchev’s and Alexander II’s reforms

A

Both the New Law Code and Alexander’s trial by jury could be overridden if necessary

55
Q

Similarities in domestic policies

A

Both Alexander II Khrushchev decentralised by giving more power to local authorities

56
Q

Positions held by both Khrushchev and Stalin

A

General Secretary

57
Q

Khrushchev’s dealing of opposition

A

Demoted rather than executed- move away from Stalinism

58
Q

The way Khrushchev presented himself

A

Echoed Lenin- humble farmer

59
Q

__% increase in meat consumption

A

55%

60
Q

How many Komsomol volunteers were there?

A

300,000

H3 (7 decks)

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