Staining Flashcards

1
Q

ROMANOWSKY STAINS

  1. founder
  2. produce multiple colors
  3. example of romanowsky stains:
    - most commonly used
    - for examination of malaria parasites
    - for blood cell determination
A
  1. Dmitri Leonidovich
  2. POLYCHROMATIC STAINS
    3.
    - Wright
    - Giemsa
    - May Grunwald
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2
Q

WRIGHT’S STAIN: PREPARATION
1. wrights powder
2. acetone-free methanol
3. __ week at __ then RT/Ref temp
4. ____ / __ stain shortens the incubation

WRIGHT-GIEMSA STAIN: PREPARATION
1. wrights powder
2. giemsa powder
3. acetone-free methanol
4. age for ___ days

A

WRIGHT’S STAIN: PREPARATION
1. 1g
2. 500ml
3. 1 week at 37C
4. 1g Giemsa / 500 stain

WRIGHT-GIEMSA STAIN: PREPARATION
1. 9g
2. 1g
3. 2910ml
4. 30days

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3
Q

METHODS OF STAINING
1. makes use of a staining rack
2. more practical
- prepare ___ or ___ and fill them
- staining reagent (3)
- stains are combined
- stains are separated
3. automatic method follows the principle of ___ method, it’s just that it is performed by the machine.

A
  1. RACK METHOD
  2. DIP METHOD
    - pulping jars or vessels
    - FIXATIVE, EOSIN, METHYLENE BLUE
    - GIEMSA STAIN
    - WRIGHT STAIN
  3. DIP METHOD
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4
Q

CELLS/ CELLULAR COMPONENT
1. takes up basic dye
- its nature is
- contains more acid like
2. takes up acid dye
- its nature is
- contains more basic like
3. react to both
- example

A
  1. BASOPHILIC
    - ACID
    - DNA
  2. ACIDOPHILIC/ EOSINOPHILIC
    - BASIC
    - HGB
  3. NEUTROPHILIC
    - NEUTROPHIL
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5
Q

CRITERIA FOR A GOOD STAINS SMEAR

  1. macroscopic: blood smear should be ___ to _____
  2. microscopic
    - Erythrocytes
    - Platelets
    - PMN
    - Lymphocytes
    - Monocytes
    - Eosinophils
    - Basophils
A
  1. pink to reddish-brown
  2. microscopic
    - salmon pink
    - purple-blue to lilac cytoplasm
    - nuclei: purple blue; cytoplasm pinkish
    - light blue cytoplasm
    - faint blue gray cytoplasm
    - red orange granules
    - dark purple granules
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6
Q

CAUSES OF RED STAIN
1. excess ____ & excess ____
2. insufficient _____
3. very ____ smear
4. contaminants in _____
5. ___ before drying
6. _____ stain

CAUSES OF BLUE STAIN
1. ____ abnormality high is low HCT
2. heparinized blood sample
- wbc =
- ph of this anticoagulant is incompatible to stain so romanowsky stain gives ____ background
3. Avery high _____ with many _____

A

CAUSES OF RED STAIN
1. buffer; washing
2. staining time
3. thin
4. wash water
5. mounting the coverslip
6. old stain

CAUSES OF BLUE STAIN
1. Protein abnormality
2. heparinized blood sample
- gritty appearance
- dark blue or dark
3. LEUKOCYTE; blasts

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7
Q

Compositions of Romanowsky Stains:

  1. cationic/basic stain
    - oxidation product (azure a)
    - oxidation production (azure b)
    - third oxidation product
  2. anionic/acidic
  3. neutral component
  4. pH where ionization takes place
    - decrease pH will produce
    - increase pH will produce
  5. fixative for 1min only as longer time causes thick smear
A
  1. Methylene Blue
    - dimethyl thionine
    - trimethyl thionine
    - tetramethyl thionine
  2. Eosin B/Y
  3. Thiazine-Eosinate Complex
  4. pH 6.4-6.8
    - reddish color
    - bluish color
  5. methanol
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