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MIDTERMS HEMA LEC > Hematocrit > Flashcards

Hematocrit Flashcards

1
Q

____: proportion of whole blood that consists of RBCs

  1. aka
  2. Rough Quality Control calculations:
    - 1 Hct point = ___ gm Hb/ ___ml
    - 1 Hct point = ____RBC/ cumm of while blood
    - Buffy coat =
  3. Reference range
    - male
    - female
A

HCT

  1. Packed Cell Volume
    2.
    - 0.34gmHb/100mL
    - 107,000 RBC/cumm of whole blood
    - WBCcount
    3.
    - 0.42-0.50 / 41.5-50%
    - 0.36-0.45 / 35.9-44.8%
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2
Q

METHODS OF HEMATOCRIT (HCT) MEASUREMENT

  1. automated Hct can be measured through conductivity
    - _____ will not centrifuge the blood sample, will only calculate
    - derived from ____ & ______
    - formula
  2. requires centrifuge
    - aka
    - special centrifuge used in this method
A
  1. INDIRECT METHOD
    - Hematology Analyzer/ Hemoanalyzer
    - values of RBC count and Mean Cell Volume
    - (MCV x RBC count) / 10
  2. DIRECT
    - MANUAL/ SPUN HCT
    - Hemofuge
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3
Q

DIRECT METHOD PERFORMED USING:

_____: macro method

  1. two graduation, we read the Hct using the _____
    - the left is the reading form____
  2. anticoagulant of choice when using Wintrobe Method
  3. other methods oxalate
    - HADEN’S METHOD
    - VAN ALLEN
    - SANFORD MAGATH METHOD
    - BRAY’S METHOD
    - ADAMS MICROMETHOD
A

WINTROBE METHOD- DOUBLE OXALATE

  1. Right
    - erythrocyte sedimentation rate
  2. Double Oxalate
  3. other methods oxalate
    - 1.1% Na Oxalate
    - 1.6% Na Oxalate
    - 1.3% Na Oxalate
    - Heparin
    - Make use of hematocrit centrifuge
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4
Q

Microhematocrit vs Macrohematocrit

Length:
1. Micro
2. Macro

Bore/ Diameter:
1. Micro
2. Macro

Centrifugation:
1. Micro
2. Macro

Blood column:
1. Micro
2. Macro

A

Length:
1. 70 or 75mm
2. 11cm or 110mm

Bore/ Diameter:
1. 1mm
2. 3mm

Centrifugation:
1. 10k-15k rpm for 5mins
2. 3k rpm for 30mina

Blood column:
1. 5cm
2. 10cm or 100mm

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5
Q

EQUIPMENT NEEDED IN PERFORMING MICROHCT
METHOD

  1. red band
    - ___ heparin
  2. blue band
    - ___ heparin
    - is used
  3. fill the tube with blood in ___ full as it approx contains _____
  4. length of seal (clay+paraffin) should be at least ___
A
  1. Heparinized
    - dry heparin
  2. Non-heparinized
    - w/o heparin
    - EDTA tube
  3. 3/4 full; 0.05ml or 50ul
  4. 4-6mm
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6
Q

HEMATOCRIT SOURCES OF ERRORS

  1. excess anticoagulant
  2. prolonged-standing of blood sample prior to test
  3. insufficient mixing of blood
    - upper portion of prolonged standing
    - aspirate the blood at the bottom
  4. improper sealing of tube
  5. tubes to stand too long after centrifugation
  6. ______: error in reading volumes due to different position of the eyes or the volume being read
  7. trapped plasma
    - abnormal shape
    - abnormal size
  8. values taken immediately after acute blood loss
    - true reflection of acute blood loss will be observed after ___hrs
  9. dehydration
  10. stasis (slowing down/stoppage)
A
  1. DECREASE
  2. INCREASE
  3. -DECREASE
    - INCREASE
  4. INCREASE
  5. INCREASE
  6. Parallax Error
  7. INCREASE
    - poikilocytes
    - anisocytes
  8. False decrease
    - 48hrs
  9. INCREASE
  10. INCREASE
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7
Q

RULE OF THREE:

  1. only applies to RBCs that are _____ (size) & ____ (conc)
  2. formula:
    - for expected HCT
    - for expected HgB
  3. if the values coincide: _____ results
  4. if the values do not coincide:
    - rbcs are abnormal = ______ results
    - rbcs are normal = _____ results (do _______)
A
  1. NORMOCYTIC & NORMOCHROMIC
  2. formula:
    - Hgb x 3 (+/- 3)
    - RBC count x 3 (+/- 1.5)
  3. REPORT RESULTS
    4.
    - REPORT RESULTS
    - DO NOT REPORT RESULTS (do TROUBLESHOOTING)
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8
Q

_______: used to define the size and hgb content of the red blood cell

  1. Aka
  2. Normal appearance of RBC is ____, central pale area does not contain hgb
  3. Normal RBC with normal Hgb: the size of the central palor should be ____ the diameter of the RBC
    - if it is greater than 1/3 = ____ which means that rbc lacks hgb
A

RED CELL INDICES

  1. Absolute Constant/ Indices
  2. salmon pink
  3. 1/3
    - Hypochromic
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9
Q

RED CELL INDICES:

______: average VOLUME of the individual red cells in a given blood sample; single most important index

  1. used in classifying types of _______
  2. also used to estimate the ________
  3. reference range:
    - normocytic
    - microcytic
    - macrocytic
  4. these conditions can’t be interpreted with this method:
    - dual morphology like mixture of normal and macrocytic
    - condition where reticulocyte volume is
    higher, are immature cells and they are larger than the normal cells
A

MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME (MCV)

  1. ANEMIA
  2. AVERAGE SIZE OF RBC
  3. reference range:
    - 80-100fL
    - <80fL
    - >100fL
  4. these conditions can’t be interpreted with this method:
    - Dimorphism
    - Reticulocytosis
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10
Q

RED CELL INDICES:

______: average weight of Hgb per RBC (not very well important); used to measure Hb but less important than MCHC

  1. Does not always give us an accurate information, because it always follows the value of the ___
  2. reference range
    - microcytic
    - macrocytic
A

MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN (MCH)

  1. MCV
  2. reference range
    - <27pg
    - >33pg
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11
Q

RED CELL INDICES:

______: average Hgb concentration of red cells in a given volume of blood; or make classification more complete with Hgb concentration

  1. reference range
    - normochromic
    - hypochromic
    - spherocytic
A

MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION (MCHC)

  1. reference range
    - 32-36g/dl
    - <32g/dl
    - >36g/dl
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12
Q

MCV AND MCHC

  1. Normocytic & Normochromic RBC Anemia
    - cause
    - example
  2. Microcytic & Hyperchromic Anemias
    - example
  3. Macrocytic & Normochromic Anemias
    - examples
  4. in some books, there ‘s 4th classification which is
A

1.
- lack of production
- Aplastic Anemia
2.
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
3.
- B12 deficiency anemia & folate deficiency anemia
4. Normocytic but Hypochromic

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13
Q

RED CELL INDICES:

______: used when cells are diverse and varied in size

  1. Variation in size
  2. Variation in shape
  3. Reference range:
    - range:
    - in uniform, same population
    - are not significant
    - cells are significant
A

RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW)

  1. ANISOCYTOSIS
  2. POIKILOCYTOSIS
  3. Reference range:
    - 11.6-14.6%
    - Values within
    - Values below
    - Values above
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14
Q

_______: Graphical representation on how cell distributed, or if the cells are well distributed

  1. depicts the cell distribution/ cell count
  2. depicts the cell volume
  3. bell shaped curve aka
  4. if peak is high = width ___
  5. if peak is low = width ___
A

HISTOGRAM

  1. Y axis
  2. X axis
  3. Gaussian curve
  4. Narrow
  5. Broad
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15
Q

OTHER BLOOD INDICES

  1. Average amount of hgb in each RBC compared w/ the average amount in a normal RBC; (similar with MCH)
    - reference range
    - higher than normal range will lead to _____
  2. Average size of a red cells as compared with the average size of a normal red blood cell
    - reference range
  3. Average amount of Hgb per unit volume of RBC in relation to normal
    - reference range
  4. average diameter of RBC in microns
    - method
    - normal range
    - normal diameter
  5. MEAN CORPUSCULAR THICKNESS (MCAT) reference value
A
  1. COLOR INDEX
    - 0.9-1.1
    - Pernicious Anemia
  2. VOLUME INDEX
    - 0.9-1.1
  3. SATURATION INDEX (
    - 0.80-1.20
  4. MEAN CORPUSCULAR DIAMETER
    - Price Jones method
    - 6-9 microns
    - 7-8 microns
  5. 1.7-3.5 microns
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16
Q

CLINICAL SIGNFICANCE OF HEMATOCRIT

  1. decreased HCT due to increased destruction
  2. decreased HCT due to decreased production
  3. plasma vol increased > hemodilution > ___ pcv
  4. Hemoconcentration = ___ pcv
  5. decreased plasma volume due of
  6. increased in RBC and decreased in plasma volume
  7. decreased RBC, increased plasma volume
  8. normal because reduction is proportional
  9. normal vol of RBC, but increased in plasma volume
A
  1. hemolytic anemia
  2. aplastic anemia
  3. decreased
  4. increased
  5. dehydration
  6. polycythemia vera
  7. Hemoconcentration
  8. acute blood loss
  9. hydration

MIDTERMS HEMA LEC (10 decks)

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