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Mycology & Virology > Staining > Flashcards

Staining Flashcards

1
Q

used to distinguished fungi in thick mucoid specimens or in samples that contain keratinous material such as skin, hair, and nails.

A

10% KOH

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2
Q

alternative to KOH

A

NAOH with glycerin

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3
Q

to β-1,3 and β-1,4 polysaccharides specifically cellulose and chitin of fungal cell walls

A

calcofluor white

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4
Q

color of fungal elements in calcofluor white

A

bluish white to green

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5
Q

exhibit a characteristic peripheral cyst wall staining with an intense “double parenthesis-like” structure in CW

A

P. jirovecii

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6
Q

Yeast cells are differentiated from P. jirovecii in CW by

A

budding and intense staining

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7
Q

interference that fluoresces strongly with CW

A

cotton fiber

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8
Q

stain used in other specimens such as BAL or CSF

A

Rapid Giemsa-like (Diff-Quik)

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9
Q

stain used to differentiate Leishmania and Histoplama

A

Rapid Giemsa-like (Diff-Quik)
L has kinetoplast, H does not

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10
Q

used in detection of encapsulated microorganisms of C. neoformans in CSF.

A

Colloidal carbon wet mounts (India ink, nigrosin)

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11
Q

Commonly used for the microscopic examination of fungal cultures by tease or tape preparation.

A

Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB)

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12
Q

components of LPCB and purpose

A

Lactic acid - clearing agent , preserving the fungal structures.
Phenol - killing agent
Glycerol - prevents drying
Cotton blue (Poirrier’s blue and aniline blue ) - provides color to the structures.

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13
Q

Primarily used for the examination of heat fixed, or alcohol fixed bone marrow, buffy coat, and peripheral blood smears.

A

Giemsa stain

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14
Q

Giemsa stains detect

A

intracellular H. capsulatum
fission yeast cell of Talaromyces marneffeium
trophozoite of P. jirovecii

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15
Q

gram staining of yeasts and pseudohyphae

A

gram (+)

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16
Q

gram staining of hyphae

A

gram (-)

17
Q

may decolorize in gram stain and appear either gram negative or stippled

A

Cryptococcus

18
Q

modified acid fast stains Nocardia

A

partially acid-fast (pink)

19
Q

Actinomycetes are negative in:

A

Modified acid-fast

20
Q

Used in detection of P. jirovecii in respiratory specimens viz. lung biopsy specimen imprints and BAL specimens

A

Toluidine blue O

21
Q

appearance of P. jirovecii Toluidine blue O

A

reddish blue/ dark purple cyst walls, often clumoed and crescent
no trophozoites

22
Q

species of Candida stains gold in this stain

A

Papanicolaou

23
Q

Mucopolysaccharide stain like India ink, does not detect all cases.

A

Alcian blue

24
Q

stains blue against a pink background in histological sections of tissue Toluidine blue

A

polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus

25
Q

Has advantage of allowing observation of natural pigments of fungi.
best stain to demonstrate host tissue reaction and pigment of dematiaceous fungi.

A

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)

26
Q

Fungal cytoplasm and nuclei in H and E

A

pink, blue

27
Q

stains glycogen, so other tissue structures can have a similar appearance to yeast cells.

A

Periodic acid schiff

28
Q

Fungal stain of choice of many dermatopathologists.

A

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS)

29
Q

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) Demonstrates this but not GMS

A

double-contoured refractile walls of Blastomyces dermatitidis

30
Q

Often stains fungi too densely to observe structural details.

A

Gomori methenamine silver (GMS)

31
Q

color of fungal elements in GMS

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii stain gray to black.
Background is green.

32
Q

Stains mucin

A

Mucicarmine

33
Q

Mucicarmine is Useful for differentiating this from other fungi of similar size and shape when found in samples of tissue

A

c. neoformans (gatii)

34
Q

Detection of melanin of dematiaceous fungi and C. neoformans.

A

Fontana-Mason (FM)

35
Q

demonstrates the bacterial filaments of the actinomycetes, eg., Nocardia,
Actinomadura.

A

Brown and Brenn (B&B)

36
Q

Specific method of detecting fungi in body fluids

A

Fluorescent antibody stain

37
Q

fluorescein-labeled Ab reacts with fungal antigen in cell wall.

A

Direct technique:

38
Q

unlabeled Ab complexes with fungal antigens. Fluorescein-labeled conjugate reacts with globulins attached to fungal antigens. Cell walls yellow-green.

A

Indirect technique

39
Q

Specific and highly sensitive. Can be used to detect and measure antibodies.

A

immunoperoxidase technique

Mycology & Virology (10 decks)

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