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Mycology & Virology > Cutaneous fungi > Flashcards

Cutaneous fungi Flashcards

1
Q

two types of cutaneous fungi

A
  • Dermatophytoses
  • Dermatomycoses
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2
Q

“Plants on the skin”

A

Dermatophytoses

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3
Q

Infection involves the skin, hair and nails

A

Dermatophytoses

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4
Q

Fungal diseases caused by a group of fungal organisms other thandermatophytes

A

Dermatomycoses

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5
Q

Infections involve only the skin

A

Dermatomycoses

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6
Q

Three classifications of dermatophytes

A

Epidermophyton
Microsporum
Trichophyton

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7
Q

attacks skin and nails

A

Epidermophyton

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8
Q

attacks Hair, skin

A

Microsporum

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9
Q

attacks hair, skin, and nails

A

Trichophyton

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10
Q

fungus that invades the keratinized portions of the hair, skin, hair and nails
*keratin as a nitrogen source

A

Dermatophytes

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11
Q

has no microconidia

A

Epidermophyton

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12
Q

has few microconidia

A

Microsporum

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13
Q

has many microconidia

A

Trichophyton

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14
Q

macroconidia: Smooth, thin walls; sparse in number

A

Epidermophyton

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15
Q

macroconidia: Thick, rough walls; many present

A

Microsporum

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16
Q

macroconidia: Smooth thin walls; relatively few present

A

Trichophyton

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17
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF DERMATOPHYTES BY ORIGIN

A

anthrophilic (people)
geophilic (soil)
zoophilic (animals)

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18
Q

few conidia in culture

A

anthrophilic

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19
Q

most number of conidia in culture

A

geophilic

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20
Q

moderate number of conidia in culture

A

zoophilic

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21
Q

Anthropophilic/ Zoophilic/Geophilic
Microsporum gypseum

A

Geophilic

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22
Q

Anthropophilic/ Zoophilic/Geophilic
Microsporum canis

A

Zoophilic

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23
Q

Anthropophilic/ Zoophilic/Geophilic
Trichophyton vanbreuseghenii

A

Geophilic

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24
Q

Anthropophilic/ Zoophilic/Geophilic
T. mentagrophytes complex (granular isolates)

A

Zoophilic

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25
Q

Anthropophilic/ Zoophilic/Geophilic
Trichophyton verrucosum

A

Zoophilic

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26
Q

Dermatophytoses are generally called

A

tineas (L: ringworm)

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27
Q

8 dermatophytosis

A

Tinea corporis
Tinea cruris
Tinea pedis
Tinea manuum
Tinea barbae
Tinea unguium
TInea capitis
Tinea imbricata

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28
Q

Dermatophytosis of the body or trunk plus neck and shoulder

A

Tinea corporis

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29
Q

lesions of tinea corporis

A

Erythematous circular lesions
scaly patch with sharply demarcated margins

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30
Q

transmission of tinea corporis

A

direct contact, fomite, autoinoculation

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31
Q

causative agent of tinea corporis

A

Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
T. tonsurans
M. canis

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32
Q

Dermatophytosis of the proximal medial thighs, perineum, and buttocks.

A

Tinea cruris

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33
Q

other term of tinia cruris

A

jock itch

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34
Q

scaly, erythematous to tawny brown, bilateral and asymmetric lesions
sharply marginated border
frequently studded with small vesicles.

A

lesions of tinia cruris

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35
Q

causative agents of tinea cruris

A

T. rubrum
T. mentagrophytes
E. floccosum

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36
Q

Dermatophytosis of the feet

A

Tinea pedis

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37
Q

other term for tinea pedis

A

“athlete’s foot”

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38
Q

maceration, peeling, pruritic, and painful fissuring between the
fourth and fifth toes,

A

tinea pedis lesion

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39
Q

hyperkeratotic chronic infection of the sole

A

“moccasin foot”

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40
Q

causative agent of tinea pedis

A

T. rubrum (chronic)
E. floccosum (acute)
T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale

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41
Q

Dermatophyte infections on the palms and between fingers.

A

Tinea manuum

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42
Q

causative agent of Tinea manuum

A

M. canis
T. mentagrophytes var interdigitale
T. rubrum
T. tonsurans

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43
Q

Occurs only on the bearded areas of the face and neck.

A

Tinea barbae

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44
Q

Superficial form of tinea barbae

A

resemble tinea corporis

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45
Q

Pustular form of tinea barbae

A

associated with zoophilic dermatophytes

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46
Q

May develop to alopecia and permanent scarring

A

Tinea barbae

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47
Q

causative agents of tinea barbae

A

T. verrucosum
T. mentagrophytes
T. schoenleinii

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48
Q

Dermatophytosis of the nails

A

Tinea unguium

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49
Q

whitish patches on the surface of the nail contain fungus but
the nail is not distorted

A

Superficial

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50
Q

tinea unguium where deep layers of the skin is invaded and nail becomes brittle and thickened and is frequently discolored

A

Subungual form

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51
Q

causative agent of tinea unguium

A

T. rubrum (proximal subungual)
T. interdigitale (nodular variant of T. mentagrophytes)
T. schoenleinii
T. violaceum
E. floccosum

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52
Q

Dermatophytosis of the hair of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes

A

Tinea capitis

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53
Q

Causative agent of Tinea capitis

A

T. tonsurans
M. canis

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54
Q

specialized form of tinea corporis

A

Tinea imbricata

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55
Q

lesions are ringlike growth in overlapping circles

A

Tinea imbricata

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56
Q

causative agent of T. imbricata

A

T. concentricum

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57
Q

CATEGORIES OF HAIR INFECTION

A

Endothrix
Ectothrix
Favic type

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58
Q

infects the inner portion of the hair

A

Endothrix

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59
Q

arthroconidia appear as tile mosaic sheath around the hair

A

ectothrix

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60
Q

hair becomes grayish, dull, discolored, becomes brittle and breaks off

A

ectothrix

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61
Q

fluoresce green under wood’s lamp

A

ectothrix

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62
Q

chain of arthroconidia inside shortened hair stubs

A

endothrix

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63
Q

hair lose luster, becomes brittle and breaks off above surface of the shaft

A

endothrix

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64
Q

conidia in the shafts of the hair stubs appear black dots leaving graying patch

A

endothrix

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65
Q

wood’s lamp negative

A

endothrix

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66
Q

Creates parallel lesions with the hair shaft.

A

Faic

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67
Q

Hair shaft is filled with long filamentous arthroconidia; empty air-
filled areas are left in the hair when they hyphae degenerate into fat
droplets.

A

favic

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68
Q

odor or favic lesions

A

mousy

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69
Q

epithelial debris which forms yellowish, cup-shaped crusts in favic

A

scutula

70
Q

dull green in wood’s lamp

A

favic

71
Q

Ectothrix agents

A

M. audouinii
M. canis
M. ferrugineum
M. gypseum (Nannizzia gypsea) complex
M. (Nannizzia) praecox
T. megninii
T. mentagrophytes complex
T. verrucosum

72
Q

endothrix agents

A

T. soudanense
T. tonsurans
T. violaceum

73
Q

favic agents

A

T. schoënleinii

74
Q

Flat to velvety, thin, pale salmon to pale brownish reverse.

A

Microsporum audouinii

75
Q

Flat to velvety, thin, pale to yellow, with yellow (rarely pale) reverse

A

Microsporum canis var. canis,

76
Q

Granular, sandy in color, or occasionally light cinnamon or rosy buff., Reverse usually pale to brownish

A

Microsporum gypseum complex

77
Q

Granular to powdery, yellow-cream to buff surface, Pale to red brown reverse.

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes,

78
Q

Powdery to low velvety, cream to deep red, Typically wine red reverse but yellow variants occasional; red color
poorly formed in presence of common bacterial contamination

A

Trichophyton rubrum,

79
Q

Convoluted with glabrous texture, heaped or folded topography.
Slightly velvety whitish colony.

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii,

80
Q

Surface is brownish yellow to olive gray or khaki with a suede like
surface, raised and folded in the center, with a flat periphery and
submerged fringe of growth.

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

81
Q

Classification of M. canis

A

zoophilic

82
Q

growth pattern of M. canis

A

rapid

83
Q

Classification of M. gypseum

A

geophilic

84
Q

Growth pattern of M. gypseum

A

rapid growth

85
Q

Type 1 T. mentagrophytes

A

var mentagrphytes

86
Q

classification of type 1 T. mentagrophytes

A

zoophilic

87
Q

growth pattern of T. mentagrophytes

A

intermediate

88
Q

type 2 T. mentagrophytes

A

var interdigitale

89
Q

Type 2 T. mentgrophytes classification

A

anthropophilic

90
Q

T. rubrum classification

A

anthropophilic

91
Q

T. rubrum growth

A

slow growth

92
Q

T. tonsurans classification

A

anthropophilic

93
Q

T. tonsurans

A

intermediate to slow growth

94
Q

T. concentricum classification

A

anthropophilic

95
Q

T. concentricum growth

A

slow growth

96
Q

T. verrucosum classification

A

zoophilic

97
Q

T. verrucosum growth

A

slow, improved at 37 C

98
Q

T. schoenleinii classification

A

anthropophilic

99
Q

T. schoenleinii growth

A

slow growth

100
Q

T. violaceum classification

A

anthropophilic

101
Q

T. violaceum growth

A

slow growth

102
Q

E. floccosum classification

A

anthropophilic

103
Q

E. floccosum growth

A

intermediate

104
Q

Polished rice test

A

M. canis (+)
M. audouinii (-)

105
Q

Incubation of polished rice test

A

6-10 days
25- 30 C

106
Q

Hair perforation test positive

A

T. mentagrophytes
T. tonsurans
T. violaceum
M. canis
M. gypseum

107
Q

Hair perforation test negative

A

T. rubrum

108
Q

incubation of hair perforation test

A

4 weeks t RT

109
Q

culture medium of urease test

A

christensen’s agar
Stuart’s broth

110
Q

urease positive test result and interpretation

A

red to purple in less than 4 day
T. mentagrophytes

111
Q

urease negative test result and interpretation

A

no color change T. rubrum

112
Q

growth factor test medium

A

casamino acid agar/ trichophyton agar

113
Q

components of trichophyton agar

A

Nicotinic acid
L-histidine
growth factors

114
Q

growth factors in growth factor test

A

thiamine
inositol

115
Q

results in growth factor test

A

T. verrucosum = growth in inositol
T. violaceum = growth in inositol and thiamine

116
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: White that tends to turn khaki green-brown, center is folded
Reverse: Yellow-brown with observable folds

A

E. floccosum

117
Q

Flat, slightly granular at first

A

E. floccosum

118
Q

“Snowshoes”, “paddles”, or “beaver’s tail” macroconidia

A

E. floccosum

119
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse & reverse: Initially cream then becoming lavender or purple

A

T. violaceous

120
Q

Verrucose and glabrous

A

T. violaceum

121
Q

Absent conidia
Swollen hyphae containing cytoplasmic granules

A

T. violaceum

122
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: white to tan
Reverse: colorless or light yellow

A

T. schoenleinii

123
Q

Convoluted to folded and glabrous to slightly velvety
Often submerged into the surrounding medium

A

T. schoenleinii

124
Q

“Mousy” odor typically develops in cultures

A

T. schoenleinii

125
Q

No conidia produced
Hyphae:
Hyaline and septate
“Favic chandeliers”, “antlers”, or
“nailhead”

A

T. schoenleinii

126
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: white or cream
Reverse: colorless or salmon

A

T. verrucosum

127
Q

Commonly small
Convoluted with raised center and flat periphery
Submerged growth
Glabrous to slightly velvety

A

T. verricosum

128
Q

Macroconidia are rare, 3-5 cells, thin-walled,
“RAT-TAIL”
Microconidia are large, clavate, and lateral

A

T. verricosum

129
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: white that becomes honey-brown
Reverse: yellow

A

T. comcentricum

130
Q

Folded and furrowed

A

T. concentricum

131
Q

Macroconidia and microconidia are rare
Masses of tangled hyphae, presence of
chlamydospores

A

T. comcentricum

132
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: yellow
Reverse: yellow-brown to chestnut-red-brown

A

T. tonsurans

133
Q

Flat and velvety to powdery

A

T. tonsurum

134
Q

Macroconidia are absent or rare, distorted
Many microconidia of various size and shapes
with flattened base
“Balloon forms” – aged pleomorphic microconidia

A

T. tonsurans

135
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: cream to deep red
Reverse: wine-red

A

T. rubrum type 2

136
Q

Powdery to low velvety

A

T. rubrum type 2

137
Q

Microconidia are tear-shaped, single, and lateral along the hyphae
Abundant wine-red, water-soluble pigment

A

T. rubrum

138
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: White to reddish
Reverse: Wine-red (occasionally yellow)

A

T. rubrum type 1

139
Q

Cottony to velvety

A

T. rubrum type 1

140
Q

Macroconidia are few, smooth-walled, pencil- shaped, attached directly to the hyphae

A

T. rubrum

141
Q

Which T rubrum type has more conidia

A

type 2

142
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: cinnamon-colored
Reverse: light tan

A

M. gypseum

143
Q

Flat and granular

A

M. gypseum

144
Q

Macroconidia: 3-9 celled, broadly spindle- shaped, rough-walled; Terminal ends may be rounded
Microconidia: If present, single or in small clusters

A

M. gypseum

145
Q

Pigmentation:
Obverse: White to buff
Reverse: Yellow (rarely pale)

A

M. canis

146
Q

Cottony to granular

A

M. canis

147
Q

Macroconidia: 6-15 cells; Assymetrical beak apex; Abundant, spindle-shaped with thick, rough walls

A

M. canis

148
Q

Microconidia: Clavate or pyriform, laterally attached to hyphae

A

M. canis

149
Q

Hyphae: Hyaline, septate, branching

A

M. canis

150
Q

Hyphae: Hyaline, septate, branching

A

M. audouinii

151
Q

Flat and velvety

A

M. audouinii

152
Q

Conidia: Absent, bizarre if present

A

M. audouinii

153
Q

Atypical vegetative pectinate hyphae with terminal chlamydospores

A

M. audouinii

154
Q

Macroconidia: uncommon, cigar-or pencil-shaped with thin, smooth walls, 3-6 cells

A

T. mentagrophytes

155
Q

Microconidia: Unicellular, arranged singly along the hyphae on short pedicles or “en grappe”

A

T. mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes

156
Q

Clavate or pyriform-shaped arranged singly in sleeves en thryses along the hyphae by pedicles

A

T. mentagrophytes var interdigitales

157
Q

Hyphae: Hyaline, septate, and branched; spiral
form in 30% of isolates

A

T. mentagrophytes

158
Q

Specimens for lab dignosis of cutaneous fungi

A

Skin scrapings
Hair
Nail clippings

159
Q

hair mycoses with arthroconidia

A

endothrix and actothrix

160
Q

hair mycoses without arthroconidia

A

favic type

161
Q

two methods for direct microscopy

A

KOH
calcofluor white

162
Q

incubation of SDA

A

25-30 C 1-3 weeks

163
Q

antimicrobial agents in mycosel or mycohiotic agar

A

chloramphenicol - bacteria
cycloheximide - saprobes

164
Q

selective for dermatophytes in DTM

A

cycloheximide
chlortetracycline
gentamicin

165
Q

differential for dermatophytes

A

phenol red, red for presence of dermatophytes

166
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction to dermatophytic infection elsewhere in the body

A

Dermatophytid reaction

167
Q

Yellowish, circular lesions with a characteristic “mousy” odor

A

scutula

168
Q

“BLACK DOT” Tinea capitis

A

endothrix

169
Q

“GRAY-PATCH” Tinea capitis

A

ectothrix

170
Q

Causative agent of favic type

A

T. schoenleinii

171
Q

causative agents of endothrix

A

Trichophyton tonsurans
Trichophyton violaceum

172
Q

Causative agents of ectothrix

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton verrucosum
Microsporum audouinii

Mycology & Virology (10 decks)

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