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Mycology & Virology > Specimen Handling > Flashcards

Specimen Handling Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of Pretreatment and optimum temperature for culture

A
  1. Release fungi enclosed within cells.
  2. Concentrate fungal material in the specimen.
  3. Help to reduce or eliminate bacteria present in contaminated specimens
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2
Q

three mucolytic agents

A

a. N-acetyl-L-cysteine
b. 5% oxalic acid
c. Dithiothreitol (Sputolysin2)

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3
Q

Temperature requirements for blood and CSF culture:

A

30-37oC

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4
Q

Temperature requirements for Dermatological (ie., skin, hair, nails) culture:

A

15-30 oC

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5
Q

Pretreatment of abscess, drainage, pus, granules

A

Granules - washed & crushed
other materials - centrifuge at 2,000g for 10min.

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6
Q

Pretreatment of Blood, bone marrow

A

Lysis in Isolator tubes
centrifugation for 30min. at 3,000g, in a 35o fixed-angle rotor or swing bucket.

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7
Q

Pretreatment of Body fluids

A

Centrifugation at 2,000g for 10min. or membrane filtration

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8
Q

In body fluids, blod clots should be

A

teased apart

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9
Q

Pretreatment of nails

A

Mince
Gently pushed pieces down into agar.

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10
Q

Pretreatment of Respiratory secretions (BAL, sputum)

A

Lysis with mucolytic agents
centrifugation at 2,000g for 10min.

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11
Q

Pretreatment for Tissue for zygomycetes and other molds

A

mince, push down into agar

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12
Q

Pretreatment for tissue for recovery of H. capsulatum

A

grind, push pieces into agar

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13
Q

Pretreatment for urine

A

Centrifugation at 2,000g for 10min.

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14
Q

pretreatment of urine is best for recovery of

A

deep mycoses

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15
Q

All work in mycology should be carried out in a

A

type 2 laminar airflow BSC

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16
Q

recommended for personnel working with clinical specimens that may contain dimorphic fungi.

A

BSL2

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17
Q

Petri plates should NEVER be used if C

A

Coccidioides immitis

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18
Q

Do not make slide cultures of isolates that may be:

A
  1. Histoplasma capsulatum
  2. Blastomyces dermatitidis
  3. Coccidioides immitis
  4. Coccidioides posadasii
  5. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
  6. Talaromyces marneffei
  7. Cladophialophora bantian
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19
Q

disinfect blood collection site with

A

iodine tincture or chlorhexidine

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20
Q

All systems for bacteria blood culture will recover all yeasts except

A

Malassezia spp

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21
Q

bone marrow is collected kn

A

heparinized syringe or lysis-centrifugation tube

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22
Q

Collection procedure: Abscess (Drainage, exudate, pus, wound)

A

Clean surface with 70% alcohol. Collect from active peripheral
edge with sterile needle and syringe. If open, use swab system or aspirate.

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23
Q

Processing procedure: Abscess (Drainage, exudate, pus, wound)

A

If thick, pretreatment similar to sputum specimen

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24
Q

Transport time and Temperature: Abscess (Drainage, exudate, pus, wound)

A

If ≤2h, RT

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25
Q

Collection procedure: Blood

A

Disinfect skin with iodine tincture or chlorhexidine prior to obtaining. Use max. volume of blood recommended for the system used.

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26
Q

Transport time and Temperature: Blood

A

≤2h, RT; if longer, RT but process in ≤16h (lysis- centrifugation)

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27
Q

All systems for bacteria in blood culture will recover all yeasts except for:

A

Malassezia spp.

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28
Q

Collection procedure: Bone marrow

A

Collect aseptically in a heparinized syringe or lysis-centrifugation tube.

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29
Q

unacceptable bone marrow specimen

A

Clotted

30
Q

Transport time and Temperature

A

If ≤15min., RT; if longer RT

31
Q

Collection procedure: Catheter tip

A

Remove distal 3-5 cm of line tip and place in a sterile container.

32
Q

Transport time and Temperature: catheter tip

A

If ≤15min., RT; if longer,4oC

33
Q

Collection procedure: hair

A

hair root is most important, plucking is best; submit 10-12 hairs in sterile dry container or envelope.

34
Q

Collection procedure: skin

A

scrape with dull edge of a scalpel or glass slide, or vigorously brush in a circular motion with soft-bristle brush.

35
Q

Collection procedure: Nails

A

clip or scrape with scalpel. Material under nail should also be scraped. Submit in sterile container or envelope.

36
Q

Processing procedure: cutaneous

A

All specimens should be pressed gently into the agar with a sterile swab, do not streak agar plates. If used, toothbrushes should be pressed gently into agar as well.

37
Q

Transport time and Temperature: Cutaneous

A

≤72h., (very stable) Never refrigerate, as dermatophytes are sensitive to cold.

38
Q

processing procedure for For pityriasis versicolor (M. furfur)

A

olive oil or a paper disc saturated with olive oil should be placed on the first quadrant of agar plate.

39
Q

Collection procedure: corneal scraping

A

taken by physicians and media(slides) inoculated directly.

40
Q

Collection procedure: Vitreous humor

A

needle aspiration.

41
Q

Processing procedure: Corneal scraping

A

inoculate non-inhibitory media in X- or C-shape motion.

42
Q

Processing procedure: Vitreous humor

A

concentrate by centrifugation, use sediment for media and smears.

43
Q

Transport time and Temperature: eye

A

≤15min., RT; if longer RT

44
Q

Collection procedure: Medical devices

A

Collected surgically. Transport in sterile container.

45
Q

Processing procedure: Medical devices

A

Use sterile scalpel to collect (by scraping) biofilm or vegetative growth.

46
Q

Transport time and Temperature: Medical devices

A

≤15min., RT; if longer, 4oC

47
Q

Collection procedure: Prostate fluid

A

Have patient empty bladder and then massage prostate gland to yield fluid.

48
Q

Processing procedure: Prostate fluid

A

Inoculate media directly or transport in sterile wide mouth container.

49
Q

Transport time and Temperature: Prostate fluid

A

If ≤15min., RT; if longer RT

50
Q

Collection procedure: Lower respiratory tract (sputum, bronchial aspirate, BAL fluid)

A

Use first morning sputum collected after brushing teeth. Collect brushing and BAL fluid surgically. Place all samples in sterile containers. Inoculate media containing antimicrobial agents with and without cycloheximide.

51
Q

Processing procedure: Lower respiratory tract (sputum, bronchial aspirate, BAL fluid)

A

Viscous lower respiratory specimens should be pretreated and centrifuged to concentrate their contents.

52
Q

Transport time and temp: Lower respiratory tract (sputum, bronchial aspirate, BAL fluid)

A

If ≤2h., RT; if longer, 4oC

53
Q

unacceptable specimens in lower respiratory tract

A

Saliva and 24h sputum

54
Q

Collection procedure: Upper respiratory tract (Oral, oropharyngeal, and sinus samples)

A

Swab oral lesions, avoiding tongue.
Use thin wire or flexible swab or oropharynx.
Collect sinus contents surgically.

55
Q

Processing procedure: Upper respiratory tract (Oral, oropharyngeal, and sinus samples)

A

Use swab transport system for oral and oropharyngeal samples.
Place sinus contents in sterile container.

56
Q

Transport time and Temperature: Upper respiratory tract (Oral, oropharyngeal, and sinus samples)

A

Oral: if ≤2h, RT; if longer, RT
Sinus: if ≤15min. RT; if longer, RT

57
Q

elective media and chromogenic media in Upper respiratory tract (Oral, oropharyngeal, and sinus samples) are best for recovery of

A

Candida spp.

58
Q

Collection procedure: Sterile body fluids (CSF and pericardial, peritoneal, and synovial fluids)

A

Collect as for bacteriology. Concentrate by centrifugation, and use
sediment for inoculation. Clots should be grounded.

59
Q

Processing procedure: Sterile body fluids (CSF and pericardial, peritoneal, and synovial fluids)

A

Except CSF
put sterile body fluids in sterile Vacutainer tubes with heparin or lysis-centrifugation tube to prevent blood clotting.
blood culture bottles can be used for recovery of yeast

60
Q

Transport time and Temperature: Sterile body fluids (CSF and pericardial, peritoneal, and synovial fluids)

A

If ≤15min., RT; if longer, RT; never refrigerate.

61
Q

The use of this specimen should be discourage.

A

Stool

62
Q

Collection procedure: Tissue

A

Collected surgically. A larger volume is needed than for Bacteriology.

63
Q

Processing procedure: Tissue

A

Use sterile container, keep moist (saline drops) to prevent drying.

64
Q

recommended for invasive disease.

A

tissue biopy

65
Q

Collection procedure: urine

A

First morning clean catch, suprapubic, or catheterized
specimens; 24-h specimens are unacceptable.

66
Q

Processing procedure: urine

A

Use a sterile container or urine transport system. Concentrate specimens by centrifugation, and use sediment for inoculation.

67
Q

Transport time and Temperature: urine

A

If ≤2h, RT;
if longer, 4oC;
urine transport systems can stay at RT for up to 72h.

68
Q

Collection procedure: vaginal

A

Collect as for bacteriology.

69
Q

Processing procedure: urine

A

Swab transport system or sterile container for washings.

70
Q

Transport time and Temperature: urine

A

If ≤2h, RT; if longer, RT

Mycology & Virology (10 decks)

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