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Mycology & Virology > General concepts in Lab diagnosis > Flashcards

General concepts in Lab diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Surface area: Petri dish

A

Large (7,500mm2)

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2
Q

Surface area: Test tube

A

Small (1,500mm2)

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3
Q

Oxygen supply: Petri Dish

A

Good

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4
Q

Oxygen supply: Test tube

A

Poor

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5
Q

Rate of drying: Petri Dish

A

Relatively fast

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6
Q

Rate of drying: Test tube

A

Relatively slow

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7
Q

Security of closure: Petri Dish

A

Poor (lid is easily displaced)

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8
Q

Security of closure: Test tube

A

Good

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9
Q

Probability of dissemination: Petri Dish

A

Relatively large

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10
Q

Probability of dissemination: Test tube

A

Relatively small

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11
Q

Detection of mixed culture: Petri Dish

A

Relatively easy

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12
Q

Detection of mixed culture: Test tube

A

Relatively difficult

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13
Q

Incubation of Mold forms

A

25oC to 30oC

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14
Q

Incubation of Opportunistic and dimorphic organisms

A

30oC

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15
Q

Incubation of Conversion to yeast phase for dimorphic fungi

A

25oC to 37oC

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16
Q

Rapid growers

A

< 5 days
Saprobes, opportunistic fungi, yeast

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17
Q

Intermediate growers

A

6 - 10 days
Subcutaneous & opportunistic fungi, dermatophytes

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18
Q

Slow growers

A

> 11 days
Systemic & subcutaneous fungi

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19
Q

Appears leather-like, or waxy little mycelium, seems to merge with the agar

A

Glabrous

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20
Q

Resembles plush or suede, short aerial hyphae of equal length

A

Velvety

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21
Q

Resembles colonies of other Staphylococcus spp. (formerly CoNS), “bacteria like” but more dry and dull (waxy-pasty). No aerial mycelium, with a delicate fringe around the colonies in BAP

A

Yeast like

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22
Q

Wooly or “Floccose”, large quantities of long aerial hyphae that becomes entangled and may fill the entire petri dish

A

Cottony

23
Q

Powdery due to heavy conidiation or sporulation, has even hyphae and abundant conidia

A

Granular

24
Q

Presence of radial groves from the center of the culture toward the rim

A

Rugose

25
Q

Random folds (long, short, parallel at right angles or combination)

A

Folded

26
Q

Have central depression (concavity) surrounded by raised edges. Resembles S. pneumoniae colonies

A

Crateriform

27
Q

Have many warts or rough knobs on the surface

A

Verrucose

28
Q

Brain-like convolutions

A

Cerebriform

29
Q

Four methods of Microscopic evaluation of growth in culture

A

Tease mount
Scotch tape method
Slide culture
Dalmau method

30
Q

Recommended for studying yeast morphology. It is performed by using one-fourth or one-third of a cornmeal-Tween 80 agar plate for each organism.

A

Dalmau Method

31
Q

FOur ways of Preservation of cultures

A

storage in water
freezing
mineral oil overlay
lyophilization

32
Q

Conidia and spores form a fresh culture are washed off in sterile water and placed in labelled vials

A

Storage in water

33
Q

Labelling glass tubes with a screw-capped and placed in a freezer

A

Freezing

34
Q

Layering an entire slant with mineral oil, capping the tube tightly and storing at room temperature

A

Mineral oil overlays

35
Q

Freeze drying with the use of special equipment

A

Lyophilization

36
Q

temperature in freezing preservation of culture

A

-70C

37
Q

Aspergillus spp. immunologic assay

A

CIE, FEIA, EIA

38
Q

Antibod(ies) Antigen(s) detected in Aspergillus spp.

A

Aspergillus IgG

39
Q

helpful in diagnosing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), aspergilloma, and Chronic cavitary aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus IgG

40
Q

Blastomyces spp. assay

A

Commercial kits

41
Q

Blastomyces spp. antibodies or antigens detected

A

Antigens (eg., A Ag, WI1 Ag)

42
Q

limitation of Blastomyces spp. immunologic detection

A

lack of sensitivity due to cross- reactivity with dimorphic fungi

43
Q

Candida spp. immunologic assay

A

EIA

44
Q

Candida spp. Antibod(ies) Antigen(s) detected

A

Mannan Ag
Candida IgG, IgM, & IgA

45
Q

Cryptococcus spp. assay

A

EIA

46
Q

Cryptococcus spp. Antibod(ies) Antigen(s) detected

A

Cryptococcus IgG, IgM, IgA
Ag: Glucuronoxylmannan

47
Q

can be a marker for reactivation of disease in solid organ transplant recipient

A

Cryptococcus antibodies

48
Q

A polysaccharide present in the cell wall of many fungi viz., Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium

A

1,3-β-D-glucan

49
Q

Found in the blood of patients with invasive fungal infections, and its ability to activate factor G of the horse-shoe crab coagulation pathways that allows it to be measured and quantified.

A

1,3-β-D-glucan

50
Q

1,3-β-D-glucan detection is rarely or not present in

A

Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Mucoraceous molds.

51
Q

Has the ability to detect organisms that are present in small numbers of that cannot be cultured.

A

Nucleic acid testing

52
Q

Nucleic acid testing removes the risks associated wit culturing especially for

A

H. capsulatum

53
Q

Offers the potential to identify pathogens in biopsy samples that have been formalin-fixed and even wax-embedded.

A

Nucleic acid testing

Mycology & Virology (10 decks)

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