Stages of learning Flashcards
cognitive stage
beginner performer begins to create mental image of skill using an accurate demonstration mental rehearsal is required performer uses trial and error motor programmes are not yet formed
cog feedback
extrinsic from coach to highlight weaknesses
positive to help motivate the performer + help them persevere
some knowledge of results to reinforce successful actions
associative stage
performer becomes more proficient and makes less mistakes
movement is smoother and more coordinated
motor programmes start to develop
develops kinaesthesia
compare performance to others
practice and mental rehearsal required to improve
asso feedback
kinaesthesia allows intrinsic feedback to be used
extrinsic used to refine actions
can use knowledge of performance
autonomous stage
movements are fluent, efficient and habitual due to extensive practice
skills executed automatically without thinking about it
motor programmes fully formed
practice and mental rehearsal still important
auto feedback
intrinsic feedback
extrinsic can be negative to correct errors
performer uses knowledge of performance to understand why they were successful or unsuccessful
learning plateaus
period during performance where there is no improvement and the performer is not getting any better at a skill
causes
- loss of motivation/ boredom
- mental/ physical fatigue
- limit of ability reached
- poor coaching
- incorrect goals set
solutions
- set new tasks, use variable practice, offer tangible rewards
- allow performer to rest, use distributed practice
- correct earlier skills, allow performer to compete against others of similar ability
- change coaching methods or try an alternative coach
- use SMARTER to set new goals