Practice Flashcards
whole practice
skill is presented in its entirety not broken down into parts eg golf swing, tennis serve
performer- autonomous
skill- highly organised, discrete, not dangerous, continuous
ad.-fluency/kinaesthesis is developed, creates clear mental image
dis.-can cause info overload, has to be capable of doing full swing
whole part whole
the learner attempts the full skill, then practise each subroutine in isolation before being integrated into whole skill
eg front crawl
performer- cognitive
skill- complex, fast
adv.-kinaesthesis is maintained, weak parts can be improved, fluency is maintained
dis.- time consuming, cant use with highly organised skills
progressive part
first subroutine is practised and perfected then other parts are added subsequently
eg triple jump
performer- cognitive
skill- low organisation, serial, complex and dangerous
adv. - reduces chance of overlaod, danger reduced, confidence built at each stage
dis. time consuming, cant use with highly organised skill, don’t get kinaesthesis
massed practice
continuous practice without rest periods
skill= discrete, closed, self paced, simple
performer= autonomous, motivated,, fit
adv. - motor programmes are formed, improves sports specific fitness, over-learns skill so that it becomes habitual
dis. - causes fatigue so performance may drop, may not physically capable, no time for feedback
eg trampolinist continuously practicing seat drops to make it habitual
distributed practice
practice with rest periods included
skill= low organisation, complex, serial, tiring
performer= cognitive, unfit, lacks motivation
adv- allows time for recovery, feedback and mental practice
coach can change practice so the performers don’t get bored
dis- time consuming, may cause negative transfer
eg
variable practice
practicing skills in a constantly changing environment
skill= open, externally paced, complex
performer= cognitive
adv.- develops schema/motor programmes, performer gains experience in a range of situations, positive transfer from training to game
dis.- time consuming, info overload, can cause negative transfer
eg playing attack vs defence in a football training drill which can be transferred straight to game situation
mental
going over a skill in the mind without moving
can be internal or external
skill= complex, serial
performer= cognitive- mental image of basics of the skill
autonomous- to focus on key strategies/ tactics
adv- performer can see themselves being successful, can rehearse strategies/ tactics, increases confidence
dis- difficult for cognitive performers to do correctly, mental image must be accurate
eg triple jumper may visualise the stages of the jump in their mind before performing it