STAGES OF INFLAMMATION

Question 1

Stages of Inflammation:
What stage is from injured cells?

Answer 1

VASCULAR RESPONSE

Question 2

Stages of Inflammation: VASCULAR RESPONSE
Mast cells release ________ and _________ which promotes vasodilation to promote:
a. Increased blood flow causing _______ and _____
b. Increased _______________________
c. Plasma leakage to tissue causing ________ and ________

Answer 2

histamine and prostaglandin
a. calor and rubor
b. capillary permeability
c. tumor and dolor

Question 3

Stages of Inflammation: CELLULAR RESPONSE (time of response)
1st Neutrophils _______ inflammation
2nd Monocytes and MACs______ Inflammation
APC:
-plasma cells- _________
-memory b cells- _____________________

Answer 3

APC:
Plasma cells: create antibodies
Memory B cells: remember the antigen

Question 4

Stages of Inflammation: CELLULAR RESPONSE
IL1 (INTERLEUKINE 1)
- causes ________ , increase______________, stimulate __________ to produce IL-2 for _______________________

Answer 4

Fever
Increase APR
Stimulate T cells to produce IL-2 for lymphocyte proliferation

Question 5

Third Line of Defense: Adaptive Immunity
* Responsible for allowing the body to recognize, remember, and respond to a specific stimulus
known as ___________

Answer 5

Antigen

Question 6

What line of defense will results in the elimination of microorganism and recovery from disease and the host often acquires a specific immunologic memory which allows the host to respond more effectively if reinfection with the same microorganism occurs.

Answer 6

Third Line of Defense: Adaptive Immunity

Question 7

Enumerate the cellular components

Answer 7

*T Lymphocyte
* B Lymphocytes
* Plasma cells

Question 8

Enumerate the humoral components

Answer 8

Antibodies
Cytokines

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE:
Innate immunity does not have the capability to do these things

Answer 9

True

Question 10

2 Types of Immunity:
It has the mechanism where the antibody mediated during the adaptive immunity, the body is already able to produce
an antibody

Answer 10

Humoral-Mediated Immunity

Question 11

2 Types of Immunity:
What is the cell type for Humoral-Mediated Immunity?

Answer 11

B lymphocytes

Question 12

2 Types of Immunity:
What is the mode of action for Humoral-Mediated Immunity?

Answer 12

Antibodies in serum

Question 13

2 Types of Immunity:
It has the purpose for the primary defense against
bacterial infection

Answer 13

Humoral-Mediated Immunity

Question 14

2 Types of Immunity:
Its mechanism is Cell-Mediated

Answer 14

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Question 15

2 Types of Immunity:
What is the cell type for Cell-Mediated Immunity?

Answer 15

T-lymphocytes

Question 16

2 Types of Immunity:
What is the mode of action for Cell-Mediated Immunity?

Answer 16

Direct cell-to-cell contact
or soluble products secreted (such as
cytokines) by cells

Question 17

2 Types of Immunity: Cell-Mediated Immunity
Purpose: Defense against _____ and _________________,
___________________
(parasites- malaria,
babesia), __________________, and _________________.

Answer 17

Viral, fungal infections, intracellular organism, tumor antigens, and graft rejection

Question 18

Cell-Mediated Immunity: TRUE OR FALSE
some functions of the CMI under adaptive
immunity is also the same with innate immunity, the action in the CMI Adaptive Immunity is more specific

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Have barriers, phagocytes, dendritic cells, plasma cells (complement), and NK cells

Answer 19

Innate

Question 20

Have Naive B cells, Naive T cell

Answer 20

Adaptive

Question 21

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY:
these are the lymphocytes that did not yet encounter an antigen

Answer 21

Naive B and T cells

Question 22

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY:
Upon encountering an antigen, they will bind to the antigen and they will form antibodies

Answer 22

Naive T cell

Question 23

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY:
same concept as the B cells. Once they will encounter an antigen, they will become an effector T cell

Answer 23

Naive T cell

Question 24

Protection from an infectious disease agent that is mediated by the T or B lymphocyte
following exposure to a specific antigen and it is characterized by immunological memory

Answer 24

Adaptive Immunity

Question 25

will produce antibodies and recognize via membrane-bound antibodies

Answer 25

B-cells

Question 26

B-cells: It can also recognize different chemical structures of different antibodies (_______, _______, or ____________)

Answer 26

proteins, lipids or polysaccharides

Question 27

B-cells: 1. Will depend on the type of _______ that is being encountered 2. The Naive B cells when stimulated by antigens, will become___________ and then they will secrete large amount of antibodies after response. 3. ________ will remember the particular antigen, upon exposure, the response now will be faster

Answer 27

1. Antigen 2. plasma cells 3. Memory B cells

Question 28

T-Cells: unlike B cells, they can only recognize ______________ that are presented by __________ will present the antigen to the T cells) via molecules known as _________________________ that is present on the surface of the APC

Answer 28

peptide fragments APCs (Antigen Presenting Cell) MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)

Question 29

T-cells: Upon presentation of the APC on a specific antigen that found on the MHC, the Naive T cell will become stimulated and will be able to proliferate into two subsets. What are the 2 subsets for T-cells?

Answer 29

CD4 and CD8

Question 30

T-cells: This will secrete soluble molecules which will help the B cells to produce antibodies and activate macrophages

Answer 30

CD4 (T Helper cell)

Question 31

CD4 is also known as

Answer 31

T Helper cell

Question 32

T-cells: This will secrete soluble mediators that will play an important role in killing virus, infection, and tumor cells

Answer 32

CD8 (Cytotoxic T Cell)

Question 33

CD8 is also known as

Answer 33

Cytotoxic T Cell

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE FOR CD8: After response, T memory cells will also persist remember the particular antigen. Same concept with regard to the memory B cells when it comes to viruses and upon re-exposure again to the particular virus. It will remember it faster and the reaction of the immune system will also become faster. Thus, the elimination of the antigen is slower

Answer 34

False kasi antigen should be faster :)

Question 35

Types of Acquired Immunity: What immunity is where host is responsible for producing the immune response/ antibodies

Answer 35

Active Immunity

Question 36

Types of Acquired Immunity: Immunizing agent for active immunity

Answer 36

Antigen

Question 37

Types of Acquired Immunity: Relative length of immunity for Active Immunity

Answer 37

Longer / Life long

Question 38

2 types of acquired immunity are

Answer 38

Active and Passive Immunity

Question 39

Types of Acquired Immunity: What type of immunity has its effectiveness is less effective for newborns (very sensitive and vulnerable) while Effective in adults

Answer 39

Active Immunity

Question 40

Types of Acquired Immunity: Function of Active Immunity

Answer 40

More prophylactic (instant protection)

Question 41

Types of Acquired Immunity: What type of immunity has an undesirable effect is natural active - experience infection

Answer 41

Active Immunity

Question 42

Types of Acquired Immunity: What is the advantage of active immunity?

Answer 42

Long term immunity

Question 43

Types of Acquired Immunity: What is the disadvantage of active immunity?

Answer 43

Slow because Ag is detected then Ab is produced Mainly, active immunity is more useful when we are going to encounter the 2nd time around the antigen

Question 44

Types of Acquired Immunity: What type of immunity has the source where the immunity is derived from another source’s Abs and are passively transferred to the host

Answer 44

Passive Immunity

Question 45

Types of Acquired Immunity: What is the immunizing agent for Passive Immunity?

Answer 45

Ig (immunoglobulin), antisera

Question 46

Types of Acquired Immunity: What immunity has the relative length of immunity has Transient/ Temporary

Answer 46

Passive Immunity

Question 47

Types of Acquired Immunity: chickenpox vaccine possible infection because the number of antibodies decrease overtime

Answer 47

Passive Immunity

Question 48

Types of Acquired Immunity: chickenpox, those that were affected before won’t get it again

Answer 48

Active Immunity

Question 49

Types of Acquired Immunity: What immunity is more effective for newborns (breastfeeding is mandated because the mother can pass it) and Less effective in adults

Answer 49

Passive Immunity

Question 50

Types of Acquired Immunity: What is the function of Passive Immunity?

Answer 50

More therapeutic or prophylactic

Question 51

Types of Acquired Immunity: What is the undesirable effect of Passive Immunity?

Answer 51

Artificial passive: serum sickness

Question 52

Types of Acquired Immunity: What is the advantage of passive immunity?

Answer 52

Immediate reaction and protection

Question 53

Types of Acquired Immunity: What is the disadvantage of passive immunity?

Answer 53

Short term immunity

Question 54

TRUE OR FALSE: Active- you made the antigen Passive- given and long term

Answer 54

FALSE Active - you made the antibody Passive - given and short term

Question 55

you yourself will make antibodies

Answer 55

Active

Question 56

Active Immunity: you acquired the infection naturally

Answer 56

Natural

Question 57

Active Immunity: Mode of Acquisition of Natural

Answer 57

Acquiring the disease Ex: chicken pox infection

Question 58

Active Immunity: manmade, introduced via vaccines and the body will produce antibodies and specialized lymphocytes

Answer 58

Artificial

Question 59

Active Immunity: What is the mode of acquisition for Artificial

Answer 59

Vaccination (WHO, 2017)- give small amount of the antigen itself but not enough to cause infection

Question 60

Active Immunity: Artificial What are the examples of Live attenuated (LAV)?

Answer 60

BCG (antituberculosis), OPV, Measles, Rotavirus, Yellow fever

Question 61

Active Immunity: Artificial What type of active immunity is where the antigen is still alive but weakened enough to stimulate the immune system,

Answer 61

Live Attenuated

Question 62

Active Immunity: Artificial Inactivated (killed antigen) is used for ____________ (preventing whooping cough bordetella pertussis), __________________ (injected)

Answer 62

whole cell pertussis and inactivated polio virus

Question 63

Active Immunity: Artificial It is used for acellular pertussis, Hib, HepB, Pneumococca

Answer 63

Subunit (purified antigen)

Question 64

Active Immunity: Artificial Toxoid (inactivated toxins) is used for? Tetanus and Diphteria toxoid

Answer 64

Tetanus and Diphteria toxoid

Question 65

What type of immunity is antibodies are given to you?

Answer 65

Passive Immunity

Question 66

Passive Immunity: the transfer of maternal tetanus antibody, mainly your IgG, across the placenta Breastmilk contains ___ and ____

Answer 66

Natural IgA and IgG

Question 67

Passive Immunity: It is injected and is the process of obtaining serum from immune individuals, pooling monoclonal antibodies, then treating the immunoglobulin fraction by injection

Answer 67

Artificial

Question 68

Natural or Artificial for Passive Immunity Mode of acquisition is through Breastfeeding, vertical transmission (mother to child) through the placenta- the mother is giving her antibodies to the baby

Answer 68

Natural

Question 69

Passive Immunity: Natural or Artificial Mode of acquisition is through HBIG, Rhogam, Anti-rabies and Rhogam is given to an Rh (-) mother when the baby is Rh (+), the mother’s cell will attack the cells of the baby

Answer 69

Artificial

Question 70

Passive Immunity: It is given to an Rh (-) mother when the baby is Rh (+), the mother’s cell will attack the cells of the baby

Answer 70

Rhogam

Question 71

What are the 2 types of immunity?

Answer 71

Adaptive and Innate

Question 72

also known as non-specific immunity because whatever antigen enters the body, it will only just get attacked

Answer 72

Innate Immunity

Question 73

has memory and antibodies; more specific

Answer 73

Adaptive Immunity

Question 74

2 types of Adaptive Immunity a. Natural: ▪ Passive - _______ ▪ Active - _______ b. Artificial ▪ Passive - _______ ▪ Active - _______

Answer 74

a. Natural Passive: maternal Active: Infection b. Artificial Passive: Ab transfer Active: Immunization

Question 75

2 types of Adaptive Immunity a. Natural: ▪ Passive - _______ ▪ Active - _______ b. Artificial ▪ Passive - _______ ▪ Active - _______

Answer 75

a. Natural Passive: maternal Active: Infection b. Artificial Passive: Ab transfer Active: Immunization

Question 75

2 types of Adaptive Immunity a. Natural: ▪ Passive - _______ ▪ Active - _______ b. Artificial ▪ Passive - _______ ▪ Active - _______

Answer 75

a. Natural Passive: maternal Active: Infection b. Artificial Passive: Ab transfer Active: Immunization