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IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY :) > STAGES OF INFLAMMATION > Flashcards

STAGES OF INFLAMMATION Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of Inflammation:
What stage is from injured cells?

A

VASCULAR RESPONSE

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2
Q

Stages of Inflammation: VASCULAR RESPONSE
Mast cells release ________ and _________ which promotes vasodilation to promote:
a. Increased blood flow causing _______ and _____
b. Increased _______________________
c. Plasma leakage to tissue causing ________ and ________

A

histamine and prostaglandin
a. calor and rubor
b. capillary permeability
c. tumor and dolor

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3
Q

Stages of Inflammation: CELLULAR RESPONSE (time of response)
1st Neutrophils _______ inflammation
2nd Monocytes and MACs______ Inflammation
APC:
-plasma cells- _________
-memory b cells- _____________________

A

APC:
Plasma cells: create antibodies
Memory B cells: remember the antigen

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4
Q

Stages of Inflammation: CELLULAR RESPONSE
IL1 (INTERLEUKINE 1)
- causes ________ , increase______________, stimulate __________ to produce IL-2 for _______________________

A

Fever
Increase APR
Stimulate T cells to produce IL-2 for lymphocyte proliferation

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5
Q

Third Line of Defense: Adaptive Immunity
* Responsible for allowing the body to recognize, remember, and respond to a specific stimulus
known as ___________

A

Antigen

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6
Q

What line of defense will results in the elimination of microorganism and recovery from disease and the host often acquires a specific immunologic memory which allows the host to respond more effectively if reinfection with the same microorganism occurs.

A

Third Line of Defense: Adaptive Immunity

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7
Q

Enumerate the cellular components

A

*T Lymphocyte
* B Lymphocytes
* Plasma cells

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8
Q

Enumerate the humoral components

A

Antibodies
Cytokines

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Innate immunity does not have the capability to do these things

A

True

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10
Q

2 Types of Immunity:
It has the mechanism where the antibody mediated during the adaptive immunity, the body is already able to produce
an antibody

A

Humoral-Mediated Immunity

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11
Q

2 Types of Immunity:
What is the cell type for Humoral-Mediated Immunity?

A

B lymphocytes

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12
Q

2 Types of Immunity:
What is the mode of action for Humoral-Mediated Immunity?

A

Antibodies in serum

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13
Q

2 Types of Immunity:
It has the purpose for the primary defense against
bacterial infection

A

Humoral-Mediated Immunity

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14
Q

2 Types of Immunity:
Its mechanism is Cell-Mediated

A

Cell-Mediated Immunity

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15
Q

2 Types of Immunity:
What is the cell type for Cell-Mediated Immunity?

A

T-lymphocytes

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16
Q

2 Types of Immunity:
What is the mode of action for Cell-Mediated Immunity?

A

Direct cell-to-cell contact
or soluble products secreted (such as
cytokines) by cells

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17
Q

2 Types of Immunity: Cell-Mediated Immunity
Purpose: Defense against _____ and _________________,
___________________
(parasites- malaria,
babesia), __________________, and _________________.

A

Viral, fungal infections, intracellular organism, tumor antigens, and graft rejection

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18
Q

Cell-Mediated Immunity: TRUE OR FALSE
some functions of the CMI under adaptive
immunity is also the same with innate immunity, the action in the CMI Adaptive Immunity is more specific

A

True

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19
Q

Have barriers, phagocytes, dendritic cells, plasma cells (complement), and NK cells

A

Innate

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20
Q

Have Naive B cells, Naive T cell

A

Adaptive

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21
Q

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY:
these are the lymphocytes that did not yet encounter an antigen

A

Naive B and T cells

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22
Q

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY:
Upon encountering an antigen, they will bind to the antigen and they will form antibodies

A

Naive T cell

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23
Q

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY:
same concept as the B cells. Once they will encounter an antigen, they will become an effector T cell

A

Naive T cell

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24
Q

Protection from an infectious disease agent that is mediated by the T or B lymphocyte
following exposure to a specific antigen and it is characterized by immunological memory

A

Adaptive Immunity

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25
Q

will produce antibodies and recognize via membrane-bound antibodies

A

B-cells

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26
Q

B-cells:
It can also recognize different chemical structures of different antibodies (_______, _______, or ____________)

A

proteins, lipids or polysaccharides

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27
Q

B-cells:
1. Will depend on the type of _______ that is being encountered

  1. The Naive B cells when stimulated by antigens, will become___________ and then they will secrete large amount of antibodies after response.
  2. ________ will remember the particular antigen, upon exposure, the response now will be faster
A
  1. Antigen
  2. plasma cells
  3. Memory B cells
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28
Q

T-Cells:
unlike B cells, they can only recognize ______________ that are presented by __________ will present the antigen to the T cells) via molecules
known as _________________________ that is present on the surface of the APC

A

peptide fragments
APCs (Antigen Presenting Cell)
MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)

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29
Q

T-cells:
Upon presentation of the APC on a specific antigen that found on the MHC, the Naive T cell will become stimulated and will be able to proliferate into two subsets. What are the 2 subsets for T-cells?

A

CD4 and CD8

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30
Q

T-cells:
This will secrete soluble molecules which will help the B cells to produce antibodies and activate macrophages

A

CD4 (T Helper cell)

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31
Q

CD4 is also known as

A

T Helper cell

32
Q

T-cells:
This will secrete soluble mediators that will play an important role in killing virus, infection, and tumor cells

A

CD8 (Cytotoxic T Cell)

33
Q

CD8 is also known as

A

Cytotoxic T Cell

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE FOR CD8:
After response, T memory cells will also persist remember the particular antigen. Same concept with regard to the memory B cells when it comes to viruses and upon re-exposure again to the particular virus. It will remember it faster and the
reaction of the immune system will also become faster. Thus, the elimination of the antigen is slower

A

False kasi antigen should be faster :)

35
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What immunity is where host is responsible for producing the immune response/ antibodies

A

Active Immunity

36
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
Immunizing agent for active immunity

A

Antigen

37
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
Relative length of immunity for Active Immunity

A

Longer / Life long

38
Q

2 types of acquired immunity are

A

Active and Passive Immunity

39
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What type of immunity has its effectiveness is less effective for newborns (very sensitive and
vulnerable) while Effective in adults

A

Active Immunity

40
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
Function of Active Immunity

A

More prophylactic (instant protection)

41
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What type of immunity has an undesirable effect is natural active - experience infection

A

Active Immunity

42
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What is the advantage of active immunity?

A

Long term immunity

43
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What is the disadvantage of active immunity?

A

Slow because Ag is detected then Ab is
produced Mainly, active immunity is
more useful when we are going to encounter the 2nd time around the antigen

44
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What type of immunity has the source where the immunity is derived from another source’s Abs and are passively transferred to the host

A

Passive Immunity

45
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What is the immunizing agent for Passive Immunity?

A

Ig (immunoglobulin), antisera

46
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What immunity has the relative length of immunity has Transient/ Temporary

A

Passive Immunity

47
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
chickenpox vaccine possible infection because
the number of antibodies
decrease overtime

A

Passive Immunity

48
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
chickenpox, those that were affected before
won’t get it again

A

Active Immunity

49
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What immunity is more effective for
newborns (breastfeeding is mandated because the
mother can pass it) and Less effective in adults

A

Passive Immunity

50
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What is the function of Passive Immunity?

A

More therapeutic or prophylactic

51
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What is the undesirable effect of Passive Immunity?

A

Artificial passive: serum sickness

52
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What is the advantage of passive immunity?

A

Immediate reaction and
protection

53
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity:
What is the disadvantage of passive immunity?

A

Short term immunity

54
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Active- you made the antigen
Passive- given and long term

A

FALSE
Active - you made the antibody
Passive - given and short term

55
Q

you yourself will make antibodies

A

Active

56
Q

Active Immunity:
you acquired the infection naturally

A

Natural

57
Q

Active Immunity:
Mode of Acquisition of Natural

A

Acquiring the disease
Ex: chicken pox infection

58
Q

Active Immunity:
manmade, introduced via vaccines and the body will produce antibodies and specialized lymphocytes

A

Artificial

59
Q

Active Immunity:
What is the mode of acquisition for Artificial

A

Vaccination (WHO, 2017)- give small amount of the
antigen itself but not enough to cause infection

60
Q

Active Immunity: Artificial
What are the examples of Live attenuated
(LAV)?

A

BCG (antituberculosis), OPV,
Measles, Rotavirus,
Yellow fever

61
Q

Active Immunity: Artificial
What type of active immunity is where the antigen is still alive but weakened enough to stimulate
the immune system,

A

Live Attenuated

62
Q

Active Immunity: Artificial
Inactivated (killed antigen) is used for ____________ (preventing whooping cough bordetella pertussis), __________________ (injected)

A

whole cell pertussis and inactivated polio virus

63
Q

Active Immunity: Artificial
It is used for acellular pertussis, Hib, HepB, Pneumococca

A

Subunit (purified antigen)

64
Q

Active Immunity: Artificial
Toxoid (inactivated toxins) is used for? Tetanus and
Diphteria toxoid

A

Tetanus and Diphteria toxoid

65
Q

What type of immunity is antibodies are
given to you?

A

Passive Immunity

66
Q

Passive Immunity:
the transfer of maternal tetanus antibody, mainly your IgG, across the placenta

Breastmilk contains ___ and ____

A

Natural

IgA and IgG

67
Q

Passive Immunity:
It is injected and is the process of obtaining
serum from immune individuals, pooling
monoclonal antibodies, then treating the
immunoglobulin fraction by injection

A

Artificial

68
Q

Natural or Artificial for Passive Immunity
Mode of acquisition is through Breastfeeding, vertical transmission (mother to child) through the placenta- the mother is giving her antibodies to the baby

A

Natural

69
Q

Passive Immunity:
Natural or Artificial

Mode of acquisition is through HBIG, Rhogam, Anti-rabies and Rhogam is given to an Rh (-) mother when the baby is Rh (+), the mother’s cell will attack the cells of the baby

A

Artificial

70
Q

Passive Immunity:
It is given to an Rh (-) mother when the baby is Rh (+), the mother’s cell will attack the cells of the baby

A

Rhogam

71
Q

What are the 2 types of immunity?

A

Adaptive and Innate

72
Q

also known as non-specific immunity because whatever antigen enters the body, it will only just get attacked

A

Innate Immunity

73
Q

has memory and antibodies; more specific

A

Adaptive Immunity

74
Q

2 types of Adaptive Immunity

a. Natural:
▪ Passive - _______
▪ Active - _______

b. Artificial
▪ Passive - _______
▪ Active - _______

A

a. Natural
Passive: maternal
Active: Infection

b. Artificial
Passive: Ab transfer
Active: Immunization

75
Q

2 types of Adaptive Immunity

a. Natural:
▪ Passive - _______
▪ Active - _______

b. Artificial
▪ Passive - _______
▪ Active - _______

A

a. Natural
Passive: maternal
Active: Infection

b. Artificial
Passive: Ab transfer
Active: Immunization

75
Q

2 types of Adaptive Immunity

a. Natural:
▪ Passive - _______
▪ Active - _______

b. Artificial
▪ Passive - _______
▪ Active - _______

A

a. Natural
Passive: maternal
Active: Infection

b. Artificial
Passive: Ab transfer
Active: Immunization

IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY :) (8 decks)

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