DEFINITION OF TERMS

Question 1

Defined as resistance to disease, specifically infectious disease

Answer 1

Immunology

Question 2

study of a host’s reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body

Answer 2

Immunology

Question 3

condition of being resistant to infection

Answer 3

Immunity

Question 4

exposure to one infectious agent produces protection against another agent

Answer 4

Cross Immunity

Question 5

substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the ability to bind to an antibody

Answer 5

Antigens

Question 5

Any substance that is capable of inducing an immune response

Answer 5

Immunogens

Question 6

a low-molecular-weight, nonantigenic substance that, when combined with an antigen,
changes the antigenic specificity of that antigen

Answer 6

Hapten

Question 7

glycoprotein substance (immunoglobulin) that is produced by B lymphocytes in response to
an antigen.

Answer 7

Antibody

Question 8

derived from a single B-cell clone and are produced as a single class of
immunoglobulin with specificity unique to the antigenic stimulus.

Answer 8

Monoclonal Antibodies

Question 9

produced as different classes of immunoglobulins by many B-cell clones in response to an antigen

Answer 9

Polyclonal antibodies

Question 10

Antibodies produced in response to antigens from another species

Answer 10

Hetero/Xenoantibodies

Question 11

Formed in response to antigens from individuals of the same species

Answer 11

Alloantibodies

Question 12

produced by the body’s immune system against “self” antigens

Answer 12

Autoantibodies

Question 13

part of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody or T-cell receptor

Answer 13

Epitope

Question 14

the clumping of particulate antigens by antibodies specific for the antigens

Answer 14

Agglutination

Question 15

tendency that an epitope has for combining with the antigen-binding site on an antibody
molecule

Answer 15

Affinity

Question 16

strength of the bond between the antigen and the antibody

Answer 16

Avidity

Question 17

smallest amount of antigen or antibody that can be detected

Answer 17

Sensitivity

Question 18

ability of an antibody to bind to an antigen with complementary determinants and not to an
antigen with dissimilar determinants.

Answer 18

Specificity

Question 19

glycoprotein substances secreted by antigen-stimulated B cells

Answer 19

Immunoglobulins

Question 20

It is the predominant immunoglobulin in secretions such as tears, saliva, sweat, breast milk, and respiratory tract, genital, and intestinal secretions

Answer 20

IgA

Question 21

exists as a monomer, and its function is unknown

Answer 21

IgD

Question 22

binds to crystallizable fragment (Fc) receptors on mast cells and basophils and is elevated during
parasitic infections and Type I allergic reactions

Answer 22

IgE

Question 23

is the predominant immunoglobulin in the adult. s. It is also the only immunoglobulin that crosses
the placental barrier, thus transferring immunity from mother to infant

Answer 23

IgG

Question 24

largest of the immunoglobulins, existing as a pentamer. It is the first immunoglobulin to be
produced after exposure to an antigen

Answer 24

IgM

Question 25

group of proteins synthesized in mononuclear phagocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and
some endothelial cells

Answer 25

Complement

Question 26

A small peptide formed during complement activation that causes increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle,
and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells

Answer 26

Anaphylatoxins

Question 27

A life-threatening response to an allergen characterized by the systemic release of histamine

Answer 27

Anaphylaxis