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IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY :) > NATURE OF ANTIGENS > Flashcards

NATURE OF ANTIGENS Flashcards

1
Q

Epitope will bind by the________ of the _________

A

Paratope of the antibody

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Each antibody is specific to a particular epitope

A

True

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3
Q

Macromolecules that is capable in triggering an adoptive immune response by inducing formation of antibodies or sensitized T cells of an immunocompetent host

A

Immunogen

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4
Q

Can trigger the immune response

A

Immunogen

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5
Q

Substances that reacts with antibody or sensitized T cells but may not evoke an immune response

A

Antigen

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6
Q

Can’t trigger the immune system, can only bind or sensitize T cells

A

Antigen

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
all immunogens are antigens, but not all antigens are immunogens

A

True

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8
Q

antigenic determinant

A

Epitope

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9
Q

Site wherein your antibodies will bind

A

Epitope

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10
Q

EPITOPE:
a. Active regions of an_________ (that binds to antigen-specific receptors on lymphocytes or
to secreted antibodies

b. Determinant site which are recognized by _____ or _____

A

a. immunogen
b. T cells or B cells

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11
Q

The ability of antigen to react specifically with a free Ab or membrane coupled antibody
(BCR)

A

Antigenicity

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12
Q

The ability to induce a humoral or cell mediated immune response

A

Immunogenicity

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13
Q

A specific protein that is produced in response to an immunogen and reacts with an antigen

A

Antibody

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14
Q

If we are demonstrating antigen and antibody reactions, the term to be used it ______

A

antigen

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15
Q

If we are going to refer to an antigen that has a capability of producing or stimulating an immune
response, the term is ________

A

immunogen

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16
Q

A substance that is non-immunogenic, just like an incomplete antigen which needs a carrier molecule to become complete

A

Hapten

17
Q

True or False for Hapten:
But it can react with the products of a specific immune response with no antibody formation

A

True

18
Q

Hapten:
Non-protein and ______________ (<10,000) molecules that could never induce an immune response when administered by themselves unless it coupled to a carrier molecule

a. Molecular weight of antigen has something to do to be categorized as a ____________________

b. This is found on the leaves on the poison ivy

A

Low molecular weight

a. strong antigen/ immunogen
b. Catechols (hapte)

19
Q

Catechols:
When a person touches the leaves, the protein on the skin will serve as the carrier molecule of the catechol inducing an Antigen- Antibody reaction leading to ___________

A

contact dermatitis

20
Q

Has the property of antigenicity but not immunogenicity

A

Hapten

21
Q

What are the factors influencing Immunogenicity?

A

Foreignness
Size
Chemical composition and complexity
Route dosage and timing
Adjuvants

22
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity:
The more different the composition, the greater the response

A

Foreignness

23
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity:
The more taxonomically distant the source of immunogen is from the host, the better it is
as a stimulus or the greater our immune system will be.

A

Foreignness

24
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: FOREIGNNESS
a. Derived from the same individual
b. Derived from the same specie
c. Derived from different species (gives increased response) and most foreign
d. Ag found in unrelated plants and animals, cross react with Ab of another

A

a. Autoantigen
b. Alloantigen
c. Heteroantigen
d. Heterophile antigen

25
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: SIZE
a. Potent Ag- should have a molecular weight of __________

b. Good immunogen - such as Albumin has _________

c. Excellent immunogen that has a 1M daltons

A

a. >10,000 Da
b. 40,000 Da
c. Hemocyanin

26
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity:
More complex the antigen is, the more immune response will happen

A

Chemical composition and complexity

27
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Chemical composition and complexity

a. Most immunogenic is ________ that is made up of __________ that are stacked up and twisted making it complex

b. 2nd are ______________

c. Non-immunogenic are _______ and _______

A

a. Protein; amino acids
b. Polysaccharides
c. Lipids and nucleic acids

28
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Chemical composition and complexity

What are example of Microbes

What are example of non-microbes?

A

Microbes: capsules, cell walls, toxins, viral capsids, flagella, etc.

Non-microbes: pollen, egg white, red blood cell surface molecules, serum
proteins, and surface molecules from transplanted tissue

29
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Route dosage and timing
These two are are effective and is used also in the concept of treatment because it is much better

A

Intravenous and intraperitoneal

30
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Route dosage and timing
It is stronger stimulus than subcutaneous or intramuscular

A

Intradermal

31
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Route dosage and timing
Smaller the dose are ____ response

Higher the does, the _____ response

A

Smaller: less response
Higher: more response

32
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity:
Substance added to vaccine and less immunologic molecules to increase the immune
response

A

Adjuvants

33
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Adjuvants
a. Stimulate T cells- enhance the ______________

b. Stimulate B cells- enhance the ________________

c. Stimulate __________

A

a. Cellular Mediated Immunity
b. Humoral Mediated Immunity
c. Phagocytosis

34
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Example of Adjuvants
Water in oil emulsion of Mycobacterium/ Bordatella pertussis/ MTB

A

Complete Freund’s Adjuvant

35
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Example of Adjuvants

Stimulate B cells

A

Lipopolysaccharides

36
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Example of Adjuvants

Stimulate Phagocytosis

A

Alum adjuvant

37
Q

Factors influencing Immunogenicity: Example of Adjuvants

From shark oil, for HIV Vaccine

A

Squalene

IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY :) (8 decks)

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