SS1D quiz Flashcards
is an social
life where individuals can
come together to freely
discuss and identify
societal problems, and
through that discussion
influence political action.
Public Sphere
It was originally coined by
German Philosopher who defined “the
public sphere as a virtual or
imaginary community which
does not necessarily exist in
any identifiable space”.
Jurgen Habermas
is that the
government’s laws and
policies should be steered
by the public sphere and
that the only legitimate
governments are those
that listen to the public
sphere.
Public Sphere theory
is information that is
not objective and used primarily to influence and
further and agenda, often by presenting facts
selectively to encourage particular synthesis or
perception, or using loaded language to produce an
emotional rather than a rational response to the
Propaganda
is a theory
advanced by Edward S.
Herman and Noam
Chomsky which argues
systemic biases in the
mass media and seeks to
explain them in terms of
structural
Propaganda Model
Propaganda Model
Financial Ownership
Funding through advertising
Reliance on pr
Flak
Anti-communism and fear
Propaganda involves the
intention to persuade.
Propaganda is sent on behalf of
a sociopolitical institution,
organization, or a cause.
The recipient of propaganda is a
socially significant group of
people.
Propaganda
Epistemic Merit Model
This originated from the philosophy of Plato in Ancient
Greece adapted by European Monarchs in the medieval
period exercising full control over the press.
basically suppresses press
freedom as not to encourage the people to think and act
negatively of the government.
All forms of media or communication are regulated by a
governing elite group that regulates the communication
process between the media and the audience.
Authoritarian Theory
All forms of
communication
comes from the
governing elite, a
monarch or a
dictator and in this
vertical and
downward flow of
communication,
there will be more
effective
decision-making,
efficiency will be
increased and
discipline will be
maintained.
Authoritarian Media
In the modern world, Cuba remained
under this model where media is state-
controlled and owned.
The Soviet – Communist Media
Theory controls the media which is
similar to the Authoritarian Media
Theory but promotes equality.
It is the interests of the people that are
given attention and focus but also
gives consideration to the authority of
the government.
Soviet Communist Model
The model is a
two-way process
encouraging the
public to provide
feedback, which
would create
interests
towards media
Soviet Communist Media
The concept of this model started in the new world, in the
United States, when Englishmen escaped from the tyranny of
the monarchy to establish a free world and liberal thinking.
This model is opposed to both Authoritarian and
Soviet-communist theories and promotes freedom and
democracy.
The press or media is given liberty or freedom to create
public awareness.
Libertarian Theory
Press is given the
liberty or freedom
to reveal the truth -
media is
empowered to
present the truth
be it ill or goo
Libertarian
exercises press
freedom and lets the
target audience
participate or gets
involved in news and
information by expressing
their own personal
viewpoints.
Democratic Participant Theory
The main idea behind thisMmoededl
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isa
media will play a role for
development of people in a nation or
to help the target population.
It focuses on issues disseminated by
the media considered as a guide in
the development if a country wherein
the target audience participates and
gets involved.
Development Communication Media
This model gave rise to the
power of global and
international news agencies to
set their own agenda, apart from
rulers, ruling powers, and
governments.
The press makes sure that
significant events reach the
knowledge of the people.
Agenda setting Media
This theory shows the power
and influence of traditional and
mainstream media in every day
lives of people.
Media selects and decides
which information is important
and relevant for the people.
Gate keeping Media
Modernization which is
normally related to the words
CHANGE, PROGRESS, AND
DEVELOPMENT, refers to
process of adapting
something to the present
needs or habits. In a way, one
who opts to modernization is
one that is practical and
flexible.
Modernization
refers to
the process whereby
societies adopt or
imbibe the Western
culture in areas such a
industry, law, politics,
economics, and other
fields.
Westernization
refer to the process of learning our own
(native) culture, whereas,
- is the process of
learning and adopting host cultural norms, values and
beliefs.
Learning native cultural norms and values of a particular
society are essential for an individual, to function in a
society.
Enculturation
On the other hand, adopting foreign culture or other
cultural norms and values is known as acculturation.
In this new technological era people can interact with
other people living thousands mile away from them.
Due to social interaction through technology and with
mass media people learn new values.
Acculturation
When two different cultures becomes similar then
- is the process in which native culture
go through complete change and adopt all the
elements of host culture
- process the minority culture get
completely absorbed into dominant majority culture
Assimilation
