SS WWI Test Flashcards
What is Militarism?
building up armed forces, getting ready for war
- Arms race
- war=glory
What is Imperialism?
trying to build an Empire
When a strong nation has authority over a smaller or weaker territory through economic, political, or military power
-Need for raw materials
-U.S. and Europe extended into Africa and Asia
What is Alliances?
agreements or promises to defend and help another country
Who is in the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary & Italy
Who is in the Triple Entente?
Britain, France & Russia
What is Nationalism?
having pride in your country, willing to defend it
feeling loyalty
Examples of Imperialism? Why?
European caring up of Africa –> in search of more resources
-The Berlin Conference
-1884-1885
-Set up rules of how Europe would colonize Africa
Why?
-Raw materials
-Inexpensive land and labor
-New markets in which to sell their goods
-More land=more influence
-More influence=more power
The Spark of WWI
Archduke Ferdinand of Autro-Hungary & his wife were assassinated by Serbian terrorists Gavrilla Princip
Domino Effect of Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
As counties declared war, those in their alliance system had to come to their aid
When Austria Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia came to defend Serbia and Germany defended Austria Hungary. Russia was part of the Triple Entente and Germany was in the Triple Alliance. When Germany declared war on Russia, France (Russia’s ally) supporting Russia so Germany declared war on France. When Germany went through Belgium to attack France, the Untied Kingdom declared war on Germany. The Ottoman Empire joined the Triple Alliance and supported Germany so Italy joined the Triple Alliance but later backed out.
Land weapons of WWI
Gas --> chlorine (caused choking)
mustard (odorless, caused blisters)
phosgene (inhilation)
Tank-made trench warfare redundant
Machine guns
-needed 4-6 men to work weapon
-fire bullets of 100 guns
-caused 90% of battlefield deaths
GrenadesAir weapons of WWI
Zepplin –> aka “blimp”
-used in early part of war by Germans
-Stopped using because they were too easy to shoot
down
Planes
-used initially for spying
-Eventually had guns and bombs on board
-Conflict with planes became known as “dog fights”
Balloons –> used to drop bombs
Sea weapons of WWI
Submarine (U-boat) -used predominantly by the Germans -Used to disrupt trade -Used torpedoes Brought US into war with the sinking of the Lusitania and unrestricted warfare
Early Trench warfare
- glorified hole in the ground
- not dug very deep
- done quickly and not well thought out, more like a foxhole
Structure of Trench Warfare
-Dug in zig-zag pattern so the enemy could not shoot down the line
-Trench system= line of 3 -4 main trenches
-connected by communication trenches
-Some had dugouts built 20-30 feet below ground
-some dugouts were merely a hole in the ground
-other dugouts had cots and meeting rooms, some
German dugouts even had electricity
What were the common issues of trenches? Describe.
Rats
-over sized rats fed off humans and waste spreading disease
Trench Fever
-lice caused, headaches, fever, muscle pain
Shell Shock
-Trench Foot
-caused by cold, moist, tight boots and no drainage
-made feet swell, gangrene, frostbite
What was the Schliefen Plan?
A plan by Alfred con Shliefen, Germany defeats France in 6 weeks & then attack Russia
Plan Fails because Germany met strong resistance in Belgium and Russia mobilized quicker than expected so Germany abandoned
What was the Russian Revolution?
revolution in 1917 by Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party (later Communist party of the Soviet Union) lead by Vladimir Lenin
Tsar Nicholas gave up power
gov made peace w/ Germany and Russia got out of war
What was Wilson’s perspective of US in war?
Many Americans, including President Woodrow Wilson, viewed World War I as a
European problem. They did not want to get involved.
What happened because of unrestricted submarine warfare?
In 1915, a German submarine sank theLusitania. The attack killed 128
Americans.
What was the Zimmerman telegram?
In the telegram, Germany asked
Mexico to join the Central Powers. In exchange, it promised to give Mexico territory in
the United States.
How did the US push the Germans back?
The battle of Marne, winning battles, layed mines
How did the US push the Ottoman Empire back?
Took over Palestine and Syria
What was the role of AA’s during WWI?
Racist white people thought AA’s only joined the military to earn equality. More AA’s lynches (some war veterans), Jim crow laws weren’t abandoned
couldn’t be marines, quota on AA’s in military, no exemptions from draft, AA officers couldn’t lead white soldiers or go to officer’ clubs, manuel labor, they slept and ate apart
What was the role of AA’s during WWI?
Racist white people thought AA’s only joined the military to earn equality. More AA’s lynches (some war veterans), Jim crow laws weren’t abandoned
couldn’t be marines, quota on AA’s in military, no exemptions from draft, AA officers couldn’t lead white soldiers or go to officer’ clubs, manual labor, they slept and ate apart
When was the Armistice and what did it state?
Nov 11, 1918
Germany gives back land won during war, France got Alsace-Lorraine from Germany, surrendering most military arms
What is a liberty bond?
Bonds lended from people to gov giving them money to pay for war effort, payed back w/ interest
What is a draft?
A draft happens at wartime that randomly picks citizens to fight in the war because not enough people wanted to fight and the US had a smaller army than Germany.
What is propaganda? How used?
define: the spreading of ideas, information or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring a institution, a cause, or a person
how used: Propaganda analysis is carried out through three major techniques
-False Connections
-Word Games
-Special Appeals
What is Rationing?
eating/buying less food in days of emergency or wars
the gov can make sure people don’t buy
ex: meatless Tuesdays, wheat less Mondays, pork less Saturdays (troops get these foods)
What is the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany pay France and Britain war costs, fines, and accept blame for starting WWI
Signed in 1919 by Allies and Germany
S=took blame, gave Alsace-Lorraine to France, no air force, less army and navy people, lost territory
What is Wilson’s 14 Points?
Free trade, freedom of seas, no foreign colonies, international borders respecting people in groups
By Wilson on Jan 8, 1918
France and Germany didn’t want
What was the League of Nations?
Keep peace & stop fights between countries, part of 14 Points, founded in 1920, had rotating members & court, in Treaty of Paris, US wasn’t part of
What was the Red Scare?
People scared that Communism would come to US so they became suspicious of immigrants and labor unions (activitcs), some even killed. These people thrown in jail w/out trial and some deported
S=communism in Russia was cause, unfair murder, gov didn’t want revolution
False Connections: Transfer?
Transfer –> something/one in position of authority says to do so EX: flag OR cross
False Connections: Testimonial?
Testimonial –> someone who is wealthy or famous says to do so EX: actor
False Connections: Scientific Approach?
Scientific approach: uses tests, statistics, and fake scientific sounding jargon to lend credibility
Special Appeals: Plain Folk?
Plain folk –> using “just like you” and “of the people”
Special Appeals: Fear?
Fear–> a threat OR special recommended behavior OR the recommendation with effect in addressing the threat OR they can do the recommended behavior
Special Appeals: Band Wagon?
The Band Wagon–> “everyone else is doing it and so should you”
Word Games: Name Calling?
Name Calling –> links person/idea to negative label
Word Games: Glittering Generation?
Glittering generation –> links person/idea to positive label without evidence
Word Games: Euphemisms?
Euphemisms –> uses bland or inoffensive words to not upset people
