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Social Studies 3rd Tri Final Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 4 main causes of the GD?

A

Overproduction
Laissez-faire policies and their effects
Speculation and buying goods on margin
Stock Market crash

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2
Q

What were the 5 main effects of the GD?

A 
Unemployment
Hoovervilles
Bonus Army
Dust Bowl
Impact on minority groups
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3
Q

What were the causes of WWII?

A

There was an economic depression during the 1920s and 1930s.
 Led to rise of nationalist, militarist governments in Germany, Italy, and Japan.
 Germany was also burdened and upset about the stipulations outlined in the Treaty of Versailles

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4
Q

Who created Fascist party in Italy?

A

Benito Mussolini

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5
Q

What happened in Italy to cause WWII?

A

Mussolili invaded Ethiopia

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6
Q

Who is Adolf Hitler?

A

Leader of the Nazi Party and future supreme leader of Germany

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7
Q

What happens to the Reichtag?

A

It burns and Hitler blames Communists. Nazis control Reichtag and Hitler can now pass any law he wants.

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8
Q

Who are the first people in the consentration camps?

A

Hitler’s political opponents

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9
Q

Who is in the Axis Powers?

A

Germany, Italy, and Japan

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10
Q

The 1929 collapse of the stock market occurred on what has been called….____?

A

Black Thursday

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11
Q

How did many European countries respond to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff?

A

Increased own tariffs

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12
Q

The primary purpose of President Roosevelt’s Second New Deal was to…?

A

Ensure long-term financial security

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13
Q

During the Great Depression expressions such as Hoovervilles, Hoover blankets, and Hoover flags showed that President Hoover

a. )was seen as a role model
b. used the military to aid the unemployed
c. )was blamed for the suffering of the poor

A

c.

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14
Q

A lasting result of the New Deal in the United States has been the…?

A

the Federal Government taking greater responsibility for the nation’s well-being

Ex: new programs
welfare
social security

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15
Q

What name was given to the men and boys who rode the rails as they searched for work?

A

Hoboes

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16
Q

What was NOT a cause of the Dust Bowl?

a. )drought
b. )high winds
c. )thick layers of prairie grass
d. )overproduction of crops

A

c.)

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17
Q

Which was NOT a cause of the Great Depression?

a. )tariffs on foreign goods
b. )the availability of easy credit
c. )growing number of homeless people
d. )the crisis in the farm sector

A

a.)

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18
Q

During the first part of the Great Depression, Congress passed the Hawley-Smoot tariff to:

a. )ease the pain and suffering of the unemployed
b. )to protect American industries from foreign markets

A

b.)

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19
Q

A risky business venture involving buying or selling in the hope of making a large profit is called

A

Speculation

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20
Q

Legislation of the FIRST New Deal focused primarily on

A

Relief and recovery

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21
Q

Legisation of the SECOND New Deal focused primarily on

A

Long term stability

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22
Q

An important acheivement of this New Deal organization was the building of 650,000 miles of roads and highways. It also built schools, parks, and airports and emplyed artists, writers, and musicians.

A

Works Progress Administration

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23
Q

The single event that led America OUT of the GD was

A

WWII

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24
Q

Herbert Hoover suppoted ____ policies

a. )Socialist
b. )Presidential
c. )Laissez-faire
d. )Democratic

A

C.)

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25
This New Deal program allowed money in banks to be insured so consumers lost no money
Federal Reposit Insurance Company
26
Why did President Roosevelt declare a "bank holiday" on his second day in office? A.)Bank failures during hoover's administration had left finance officials in need of rest. B.)He wanted to stop the run on banks that threatened even the healthiest financial institutions.
b.)
27
During the Great Depression President Hoover came under attack because many Americans believed that
He did not fully grasp or care about how desperate the American people were
28
As a result of the increase in homelessness during the GD, many families lived in makeshift shacks in "villages" called
Hoovervilles
29
The New Deal set up a federal agency to stop flooding and create fams to produce electricity in the
Tennessee Valley
30
Buying stock by making a small cash payment and borrowing the rest from a stockbroker or bank was called
Buying on margin
31
Battle of Britain A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
Great Britain vs. Germany Great Britain won Luftwaffe bombed
32
Battle of Britain A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
Great Britain vs. Germany In Great Britain Great Britain won Luftwaffe(Germany) bombed cities (Blitz) and Britain used radar to detect planes
33
Battle of Normandy (D-Day) A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
Great Britain, Canada, U.S. vs. Germany In German held territories Allies won Sig: Germany had to fight on east & west fronts Events: Allies tricked Germany into thinking they would attack at Calais but they really attacked in 2 waves elsewhere.
34
Battle of Stalingrad A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
Germany vs. Soviet Union Western Soviet Union Soviet Union won Sig: Hitler was humiliated, Stalin had confidence, and Soviet Union never taken over Events: Germany invaded, Stalingrad was important city, very bloody, Soviet Union attacked from ruined city and beat them in the winter
35
Battle of Berlin A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
Germany vs. Soviet Union Europe Allies won Sig: When close to loosing, Hitler commited suicide, Germany surrendered, war in Europe ended Events: Soviet outnumbered Germany, Soviet easily overtook Berlin, Hitler killed himself after bombing, German generals surrendered
36
Pearl Harbor A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
Japan vs. the US Pearl Habor, Hawaii Japan attacked US Pacific Fleet, sank battleships, destroyed airplanes, but did not destroy important aircraft carriers, oil storage facilities, shipyards, and submarine docks Sig: the US recovered quickly and declared war on Japan
37
Battle of Midway A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
``` Japan vs. the US Setting: Midway Atoll, Pacific Ocean Events: Japan attacks the Aleutian Islands for diversion but actually attacks Midway Atoll, doesn't trick the US. The US knew they were coming Sig: the US started attacking Japan The US won ```
38
Battle of Guadalcanal A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
``` Japan vs. the US Setting: South Pacific Events: The US attacked Jap forces, Allied cruisers were destroyed so US Marines isolated leaving Jap able to invade but lost. Sig: First time Japan lost land Allies won ```
39
Battle of Saipan A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
``` US vs. Japan Setting: Northern Marina islands Events: US island hops, largest Jap banzai attack of WWII, many Japs killed themselves Japan won Sig: Japan stopped Allies advance ```
40
Battle of Leyte Gulf A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
Allies vs. Japan Setting: Philippines Events: large naval battle, kamikaze attacks, Japan's Imperial Fleet destroyed Sig: Allies had greater control of Philippines and Pacific
41
Battle of Iwo Jima A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
Allies (US) vs. Japan Setting: Iwo Jima Events: Outnumbered Jap, bombing from the US, Jap didn't attack so the US thought they were dead, Jap tricked them and surprised them by fighting from dugouts, caves, and tunnels. Flamethrowers and heavy artillery were used to make Japs surface The Allies Won Sig: US B-29 bombers had base to attack Japan
42
Battle of Okinawa A vs. B? Setting? Events? Who won? Sig?
Japan vs. Allies Setting: Okinawa Events: bloody, Jap hid but K-9's used to find them and dynamite their caves, Kamikaze piolets used Sig: Truman didn't invade Japan so dropped atomic bombs instead and Japan surrendered The Allies won
43
When was victory in Europe day? VE Day.
May 8, 1945
44
What were the Nuremberg trials?
22 high ranking German officials put on trial accused of genocide.
45
What was the Manhattan project?
Development of Atomic bomb, a secret program of the US
46
What happened on August 6, 1945?
The United States dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Thousands died immediatly, overs died later of poisoning and radiation
47
What happened on August 9, 1945?
The U.S. dropped its second bomb on Nagasaki
48
What happened on August 14-15 & officially on September 2, 1945?
Japan surrenderes
49
What did women do for the war?
Women entered factories to work as industrial laborers. | Congress wanted women to work, joined military
50
Who was Rose the Riveter?
An important propaganda encouraging women to join the war effort
51
What happened to minorities?
Given higher wages and received on-the-job training.
52
How were AA's treated in the war?
payed less, discrimination in military (units were segregated and had little positions of high power), joined labor unions,
53
Who were the Braceros?
Mexican people brought into the US to work for low wages, increased competitions for Mexican Americans
54
What was an important Mexican American military infantry?
158 infantry
55
What was an important AA military unit?
Tuskegee Air Unit
56
Who was A. Philip Randolph?
An important AA man who helped decrease discrimination, led protests and marches
57
What did the The Fair Employment Practices Commission do?
Protect African Americans from job discrimination
58
Where were Japanese Americans moved once US declared war on Japan? What happened to their stuff?
Internment camps and relocation centers? They lost their business and homes.
59
How were conditions in the internment camps?
Uncomfortable and lonely. These Americans felt abandoned by their country. Not given best food, education not guarenteed.
60
Fred Korematsu
Fred Korematsu fired from job because he had Jap ancestors, didn't go to camps against laws, plastic surgeried his face, changed his name, and got arrested so he went to court against the US.
61
Korematsu vs. US
Korematsu thought the US sending Japs to camps broke 5th amendment. Court agreed with gov and did not declare it unconstitutional.
62
What is Antisemitism?
Hostility/hatred/pre-justice toward Jews
63
What groups were targeted by the Axis powers?
Jews, Jehovah's Witness, sick people, elderly people, invalids, Roma, Slavs, mentally & physically disabled, Hitler's political opponents, etc.
64
What was Kristallnacht?
``` Aka: Night of Broken Glass Jewish synagogues, business, homes, hospitals, schools destroyed Policemen and firefighters couldn't help Jews sent to concentration camps Jews blamed ```
65
What are the Nuremberg Laws?
``` Aryan=full citizen German businesses couldn't help Jews No schools for Jews No mixing marriges Jews were considered a race 3/4 Jewish Grandparents=Jew 1/2 Jewish Grandparents=half-breed ```
66
Ghettos
Closed off places Jews were sent before concentration camps
67
What were the Extermination Camps?
Brought via cattle car | Gas chambers disguised as showers used to kill using Zykion-B gas if weak/old/sick
68
Mobile Killing Units
Started when Germany invaded Soviet Union | Murder of millions of non-Aryans by mass shootings and gas vans
69
What is Rationing?
Conserving food so soldiers could have more Rationing shares were determined by family size and age. People had to register in order to receive ration books. 2 categories of gasoline stickers -A=2-3 gal -B=necessary
70
What were victory gardens?
Citizens planted their own vegetable gardens so food shortages would stop and the troops would have more. Schools grew and grown on windows.
71
What were recycling drives?
Collected old clothes, tires, and scrap metal. Materials were donated to the military.
72
What was civilian defense?
A source of defense, especially in coastal cities. Volunteer service (nurses so pros sent to war), blackout & air raid drills
73
What were increased taxes?
Help the war effort | Purchased war bonds to lend the government money for the war.
74
Propaganda during WWII
- Urged Americans to volunteer, make sacrifices, grow vegetables, and buy war bonds. - Some propaganda promoted anti-Japanese and anti-German stereotypes.
75
New tax policies in WWII
These taxes increased the number of Americans who paid income taxes. Helped fund war.
76
What is the payroll tax?
The payroll tax practice began during World War II. It continues today. Workers pay some of their income tax with every paycheck.
77
Advancing science and technology.
Helped provide soldiers with better weapons. Needed up to date weapons & tech improved radar and sonar m1-rocket (bazooka) & m1-flamethrowers, amphibious vehicles, mass-produced penicillin, pesticides, atomic bombs
78
The War Production Board and National War Labor Board
Aimed to keep the economy balanced. | These boards monitored unions. They helped keep workers happy and productive.
79
Who was Japan's leader and what did he want?
Tojo Hideki; more territory in East/Southeast Asia
80
Who were the Allies?
United Kingdom, France, Soviet Union, China, and US | Big 3=UK, US, Soviet Union
81
What was Appeasement, how did it fuel WWII?
Giving up things to have peace; Allowed Hitler to get away with certain things to avoid war.  annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia.  The Nazi military quickly gained control of much of Europe, including France.  Moved into Poland, the Rhineland and Belgium  Broke the German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact
82
What was the Neutrality policy?
Some isolationists shared the Nazis’ anti-Semitic beliefs. Others agreed with Nazi or fascist goals. Others simply wished to avoid war at all costs.  Neutrality Acts were passed from 1935 to 1937. They sought to keep the United States out of conflict.
83
Response to Battle of Britain
Roosevelt persuaded Congress to allow greater aid to the Allies.  Examples of programs that provided such aid were “cash-and-carry” and the Lend-Lease Act.
84
What two bombs were dropped?
Fat boy and Little Man
85
What plane dropped the bombs?
Enola Gay
86
US response to Japanese aggresion
 The United States tried to limit Japanese aggression in the Pacific. Roosevelt halted trade with Japan and froze Japanese assets.

Social Studies (11 decks)

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