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Social Studies Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

Valley near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers also surrounded by a desert.
Note-It’s called fertile because of its access to water and rich soil.

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2
Q

Silt

A

Damp, fertile soil

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3
Q

Bedouin

A

Animal herders living in Southwest Asia

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4
Q

Suez Canal

A

Human constructed canal that crosses the Isthmus of Suez. Connects Mediterranean and Red Sea. It was finished 1870!

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5
Q

Wadis

A

Dry riverbeds filled up with rainwater used for people.

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6
Q

Aquifers

A

Large underground reserves

Fossil aquifers used for irrigation

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7
Q

Desalination

A

Removes salt water from water increasing freshwater

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8
Q

Natural Resources

A

Substances, materials, and living things within our earth with economic value
Examples-Gas, coal, fish, forests, and natural gas
Note-They can be renewable or nonrenewable

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9
Q

Imperialism

A

One nation controlling a weaker one

Takes power by controlling territory, political and/or economic power

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10
Q

Colonialism

A

A nation conquering and gaining territory that it uses and governs by sometimes living in it.
Note-Gaining wealth and power is a major cause of why

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11
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Founded by Osman in early century CE. Included areas of Europe, North Africa, Arabia, Russia, and Southwest Asia. Lasted until WW1.

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12
Q

Nationalism

A

Feeling and being loyal and decorated to a nation. Believing your nation and the people living in it most important.

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13
Q

Pan-Arab

A

Describing anything related to a state of unity in the Arabian countries.

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14
Q

Pan-Africanism

A

Movement encouraging unity of African people around the world for independence.

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15
Q

Dictator

A

An official appointed during time of crisis
Note-Only lasts six months of rule
Note 2-Absolute control on country

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16
Q

Hereditary Monarch

A

Supreme ruler because of birth system

Note-Oldest child

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17
Q

Secular

A

Does not involve religions, instead uses earthly life

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18
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

World’s leading source for energy. Created from remaining of animals and plants living in the ocean a while ago.

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19
Q

Consumption

A

Use of energy

Note-limited supply of fossil fuels in the earth

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20
Q

Scarcity

A

Wants/needs of a human that is more then the available resources

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21
Q

Judaism

A

Founder: The Shepard Abraham
Started: around 2,000 BCE
Important figures: Abraham, Issac, Moses, Israelite’s
Core Beliefs: the Torah, daily prayer, Kosher, observing the Sabbath, Monotheistic
Important events: Romans took over in 63 BCE, Diaspora under Romans, Ten Commandments made in 1300 BCE
Key Practices & Observances: Prayer, Torah, their holy land is Palestine, Ten Commandments, Kosher, Temple on high holy days

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22
Q

Christianity

A

Founder: Jesus
Started: 30 CE
Important figures: Jesus, God, Disciples, prophets, Joseph, Mary
Core Beliefs: Jesus is the son of God, God of Israel is the only god, consecration, mercy, care for the sick
Important events: Jesus born 6 BCE, split of church, Christianity is in almost all world nations in 2,000 CE
Key Practices & Observances: GOD, Mary + Jesus= Mother and son, prayer, church, 1/3 world pop. , confession, communion

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23
Q

Islam

A

Founder: Muhammad
Started: early 600s CE
Important figures: Muhammad, Angel Gabriel, Allah the god, Ishmael
Core Beliefs: Allah the one true god, monotheistic, that Muhammad is Allah’s messenger, submission
Important figures: Splitting of Sunny and Shiites in 1900s CE, yearly pilgrimage
Key Practices & Observances: Praying the Zokat, charity, holy book called Quran, making the haji, fasting during ramadam

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24
Q

Conflict in Jerusalem

A 
Cause- Shared respect for the city and land, shared holy sites
Independence for Jewish and Muslim
Regional tensions
Jewish Zionism
Holocaust
Israel withdrawal of troops
Muslin control for centuries
Effect- Fighting for control of the land
GB controlled area leading WW11
Violence between Jews and Muslims
1948 Israel declared free war
War between Syria, Jordan and Egypt against Israel ended with Israel winning land
Hoping to escape pool treatment
six million Jews killed
Continue to have terrorism
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25
Split within Islam
``` Cause- Unclear successor Muhammad died Slitting of groups 10%- Shiite 90%-Sunni Effect-Split between Shiites-Ali Sunni- other Conflict over successor Developing differences Share of land in Iraq ```
26
Persecution of Shias in Iraq under Saddam Hussein
Cause- Saddam Hussein kiling Shia because to religious Shia threatens Saddam Shiites take revenge on minor Sunni groups Effect- After Saddam dies, Shiites took action on Sunni Hussein kills the members and towns of Shiite, no jobs in gov. Violence in Iraq Iraq war, Shia given freedom
27
Benefits and downsides to oil
Negative: The keepers of oil became very powerful and very rich some even became rulers of countries. The people wanted jobs so they relied on the leaders for them. Running out of the resource. Positive: Some of the good benefits of oil is helping a countries infrastructure and transforming them into large cities. Medical care was provided using the money as well. Better Jobs.
28
How it helps the countries involved
OPEC became very wealthy
29
OPEC Embargo
In 1943, OPEC nations started the OPEC Embargo, the US had to use fossil fuels instead. Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming.
30
What are the major rivers?
Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputro
31
What are the countries of Ancient India today?
India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
32
Monsoons and their effects | Hint: Winter and Summer
Monsoon: seasonal wind Winter Monsoons: dry air and moderate temperatures Summer Monsoons: rain from the ocean and often causes flooding
33
Lay out of Harappan cities
Cities had a fortress over looking each city Cities were laid out in a grid pattern Cities had brick houses with flat wooden roofs Houses had at least one bathroom with drains and shuts connecting to a sewer beneath the streets
34
Lifestyle of the Harappan people
Most people worked the land They grew wheat, barley, rice, and cotton They planted at the beginning or end of the flood season, relying on the drenched land to provide the necessary water for the crops. Food surpluses allowed some people to do other work like commerce and arts.
35
Religion of the Harappan people
They worshiped gods associated with natural forces.
36
What was the evidence of language?
Inscribes pictographs have been found on package seals, but have not been deciphered.
37
What was the reason for disappearance?
Climate change Disease Socio-economic upheaval Invasion
38
How Chandragupta Maurya made his empire
Chandragupta Maurya expanded his empire through conquests and alliances. His army had 6000,000 infantry, 30,000 Calvary, and 9,000 war elephants.
39
Who was Ashoka?
Ashoka was Chandragupta Maurya's grandson.
40
What were the rock edicts?
The rock edicts were laws written in local languages so people could read them.
41
What was Ashoka's inspiration for becoming Buddhist?
Ashoka viewed the horrors of war.
42
Who created the Gupta Empire?
The Gupta Empire was created by Chandragupta I
43
How did Chandragupta gain control?
He used whatever means necessary
44
What religion was prevalent during the Gupta Empire?
Hinduism became the dominate religion
45
What was Chandragupta II's contribution?
The Iron Pillar of Delhi
46
Trade routes and Economy of Ancient India
1. Monsoon winds took ships from India to Egypt 2. Goods were carried overland by camels and then again by boat on the Nile River to Alexandria 3. From Alexandria, the goods reached the Roman Empire
47
What was the Caste System?
People born into them. Cannot move castes. Laws on what people could do in their castes. From highest to bottom... Brahmins (Priests & Scholars) Kshatriya (Warriors & Rulers) Valshya (Merchants & Landowners) Sudra (Commoners, peasants, laborers, servants) Dalit/ Untouchable (Performed unclean jobs like street sweepers, waste handlers, dead body handlers
48
What was the role of women during Ancient India?
Woman had to obey their father, husband, or son. They could not own property or study sacred writings.
49
What was the education during Ancient India?
Only boys in upper castes were educated. They studied great epics, astronomy, math, warfare, and governments.
50
What were the achievements of people during Ancient India?
Panchatantra, Math, Astronomy, Inoculation, and Medicine
51
What is polytheistic?
The worship of many gods
52
What were the sacred texts of Ancient India?
Vedas and Upanishads
53
What is Reincarnation?
The rebirth of the soul continues until a person reached spiritual perfection.
54
What is Dharma and Karma?
Dharma: correct actions for one's class, helps achieve karma Karma: How a person lives determines what form the person will take in the next life
55
What is the role of the Caste system?
Brahmin--> head & mouth --> priest--> to study and teach the vedas Kshatryia-->hands/arms-->rulers, warriors, aristocrats, law makers-->to become warriors and learn the laws and government Vaisya-->thighs-->farmers, herders, and merchants-->farming and giving food to society. Trade products and care livestock Shudra-->feet-->workers and non pollutant jobs--> manuel labor Outcastes-the Untouchables/Dalit-->none-->cleaning human/animal waste, sewage, killing pests, skinning animals, and making leather
56
What is Ashima?
Non-violence, requires the believer to protect humans, animals, insects, even plants
57
What is moksha?
Release from the pain and suffering of rebirth and becoming one with the universal spirit.
58
Who founded Buddhism?
Siddhartha Gautama
59
Life Story of Siddhartha Gautama
Born 563 BC Born a prince He left his wife and son to travel India for an answer He found his answer and started Buddhism
60
What are the 4 Noble Truths?
1. All people suffer and know sorrow 2. Desires cause suffering 3. End suffering by eliminating desires 4. Eliminate desire by following the Eight fold Path
61
What is the 8 Fold path?
1. Know truth 2. Resist evil 3. Say nothing to hurt others 4. Respect life 5. Work for the good of others 6. Free mind from evil 7. Control your thoughts 8. Practice mediation
62
Differences between Buddhism and Hinduism
``` Hinduium- Polytheistic Believes in Karma and Dharma Only Brahmins can acheive moksha Vedas are a part of Upanishada Gupta Empire ``` ``` Both- Reincarnation Respecting Life Your actions determined your next life Originated in India Non-violence Moksha ``` ``` Buddahism- Way of life Founded by Siddhartha Gautama Everyone can receive nirvana Practice meditation Mauryan 4 Noble Truths Eight Fold path ```
63
Accomplishments of Chandragupta Maurya
1. He established a bureaucracy 2. He established standardized weights and measures 3. He established stands for physicians

Social Studies (11 decks)

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