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Social Studies Finals Flashcards

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1
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

Valley near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers also surrounded by a desert.
Note-It’s called fertile because of its access to water and rich soil.

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2
Q

Silt

A

Damp, fertile soil

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3
Q

Bedouin

A

Animal herders living in Southwest Asia

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4
Q

Suez Canal

A

Human constructed canal that crosses the Isthmus of Suez. Connects Mediterranean and Red Sea. It was finished 1870!

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5
Q

Wadis

A

Dry riverbeds filled up with rainwater used for people.

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6
Q

Aquifers

A

Large underground reserves

Fossil aquifers used for irrigation

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7
Q

Desalination

A

Removes salt water from water increasing freshwater

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8
Q

Natural Resources

A

Substances, materials, and living things within our earth with economic value
Examples-Gas, coal, fish, forests, and natural gas
Note-They can be renewable or nonrenewable

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9
Q

Imperialism

A

One nation controlling a weaker one

Takes power by controlling territory, political and/or economic power

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10
Q

Colonialism

A

A nation conquering and gaining territory that it uses and governs by sometimes living in it.
Note-Gaining wealth and power is a major cause of why

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11
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Founded by Osman in early century CE. Included areas of Europe, North Africa, Arabia, Russia, and Southwest Asia. Lasted until WW1.

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12
Q

Nationalism

A

Feeling and being loyal and decorated to a nation. Believing your nation and the people living in it most important.

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13
Q

Pan-Arab

A

Describing anything related to a state of unity in the Arabian countries.

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14
Q

Pan-Africanism

A

Movement encouraging unity of African people around the world for independence.

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15
Q

Dictator

A

An official appointed during time of crisis
Note-Only lasts six months of rule
Note 2-Absolute control on country

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16
Q

Hereditary Monarch

A

Supreme ruler because of birth system

Note-Oldest child

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17
Q

Secular

A

Does not involve religions, instead uses earthly life

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18
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

World’s leading source for energy. Created from remaining of animals and plants living in the ocean a while ago.

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19
Q

Consumption

A

Use of energy

Note-limited supply of fossil fuels in the earth

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20
Q

Scarcity

A

Wants/needs of a human that is more then the available resources

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21
Q

Judaism

A

Founder: The Shepard Abraham
Started: around 2,000 BCE
Important figures: Abraham, Issac, Moses, Israelite’s
Core Beliefs: the Torah, daily prayer, Kosher, observing the Sabbath, Monotheistic
Important events: Romans took over in 63 BCE, Diaspora under Romans, Ten Commandments made in 1300 BCE
Key Practices & Observances: Prayer, Torah, their holy land is Palestine, Ten Commandments, Kosher, Temple on high holy days

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22
Q

Christianity

A

Founder: Jesus
Started: 30 CE
Important figures: Jesus, God, Disciples, prophets, Joseph, Mary
Core Beliefs: Jesus is the son of God, God of Israel is the only god, consecration, mercy, care for the sick
Important events: Jesus born 6 BCE, split of church, Christianity is in almost all world nations in 2,000 CE
Key Practices & Observances: GOD, Mary + Jesus= Mother and son, prayer, church, 1/3 world pop. , confession, communion

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23
Q

Islam

A

Founder: Muhammad
Started: early 600s CE
Important figures: Muhammad, Angel Gabriel, Allah the god, Ishmael
Core Beliefs: Allah the one true god, monotheistic, that Muhammad is Allah’s messenger, submission
Important figures: Splitting of Sunny and Shiites in 1900s CE, yearly pilgrimage
Key Practices & Observances: Praying the Zokat, charity, holy book called Quran, making the haji, fasting during ramadam

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24
Q

Conflict in Jerusalem

A 
Cause- Shared respect for the city and land, shared holy sites
Independence for Jewish and Muslim
Regional tensions
Jewish Zionism
Holocaust
Israel withdrawal of troops
Muslin control for centuries
Effect- Fighting for control of the land
GB controlled area leading WW11
Violence between Jews and Muslims
1948 Israel declared free war
War between Syria, Jordan and Egypt against Israel ended with Israel winning land
Hoping to escape pool treatment
six million Jews killed
Continue to have terrorism
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25
Q

Split within Islam

A 
Cause- Unclear successor
Muhammad died
Slitting of groups
10%- Shiite
90%-Sunni
Effect-Split between Shiites-Ali
Sunni- other
Conflict over successor
Developing differences
Share of land in Iraq
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26
Q

Persecution of Shias in Iraq under Saddam Hussein

A

Cause- Saddam Hussein kiling Shia because to religious
Shia threatens Saddam
Shiites take revenge on minor Sunni groups
Effect- After Saddam dies, Shiites took action on Sunni
Hussein kills the members and towns of Shiite, no jobs in gov.
Violence in Iraq
Iraq war, Shia given freedom

27
Q

Benefits and downsides to oil

A

Negative: The keepers of oil became very powerful and very rich some even became rulers of countries. The people wanted jobs so they relied on the leaders for them. Running out of the resource.
Positive: Some of the good benefits of oil is helping a countries infrastructure and transforming them into large cities. Medical care was provided using the money as well. Better Jobs.

28
Q

How it helps the countries involved

A

OPEC became very wealthy

29
Q

OPEC Embargo

A

In 1943, OPEC nations started the OPEC Embargo, the US had to use fossil fuels instead. Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming.

30
Q

What are the major rivers?

A

Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputro

31
Q

What are the countries of Ancient India today?

A

India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh

32
Q

Monsoons and their effects

Hint: Winter and Summer

A

Monsoon: seasonal wind
Winter Monsoons: dry air and moderate temperatures
Summer Monsoons: rain from the ocean and often causes flooding

33
Q

Lay out of Harappan cities

A

Cities had a fortress over looking each city
Cities were laid out in a grid pattern
Cities had brick houses with flat wooden roofs
Houses had at least one bathroom with drains and shuts connecting to a sewer beneath the streets

34
Q

Lifestyle of the Harappan people

A

Most people worked the land
They grew wheat, barley, rice, and cotton
They planted at the beginning or end of the flood season, relying on the drenched land to provide the necessary water for the crops.
Food surpluses allowed some people to do other work like commerce and arts.

35
Q

Religion of the Harappan people

A

They worshiped gods associated with natural forces.

36
Q

What was the evidence of language?

A

Inscribes pictographs have been found on package seals, but have not been deciphered.

37
Q

What was the reason for disappearance?

A

Climate change
Disease
Socio-economic upheaval
Invasion

38
Q

How Chandragupta Maurya made his empire

A

Chandragupta Maurya expanded his empire through conquests and alliances. His army had 6000,000 infantry, 30,000 Calvary, and 9,000 war elephants.

39
Q

Who was Ashoka?

A

Ashoka was Chandragupta Maurya’s grandson.

40
Q

What were the rock edicts?

A

The rock edicts were laws written in local languages so people could read them.

41
Q

What was Ashoka’s inspiration for becoming Buddhist?

A

Ashoka viewed the horrors of war.

42
Q

Who created the Gupta Empire?

A

The Gupta Empire was created by Chandragupta I

43
Q

How did Chandragupta gain control?

A

He used whatever means necessary

44
Q

What religion was prevalent during the Gupta Empire?

A

Hinduism became the dominate religion

45
Q

What was Chandragupta II’s contribution?

A

The Iron Pillar of Delhi

46
Q

Trade routes and Economy of Ancient India

A
  1. Monsoon winds took ships from India to Egypt
  2. Goods were carried overland by camels and then again by boat on the Nile River to Alexandria
  3. From Alexandria, the goods reached the Roman Empire
47
Q

What was the Caste System?

A

People born into them.
Cannot move castes.
Laws on what people could do in their castes.
From highest to bottom…
Brahmins (Priests & Scholars)
Kshatriya (Warriors & Rulers)
Valshya (Merchants & Landowners)
Sudra (Commoners, peasants, laborers, servants)
Dalit/ Untouchable (Performed unclean jobs like street sweepers, waste handlers, dead body handlers

48
Q

What was the role of women during Ancient India?

A

Woman had to obey their father, husband, or son. They could not own property or study sacred writings.

49
Q

What was the education during Ancient India?

A

Only boys in upper castes were educated. They studied great epics, astronomy, math, warfare, and governments.

50
Q

What were the achievements of people during Ancient India?

A

Panchatantra, Math, Astronomy, Inoculation, and Medicine

51
Q

What is polytheistic?

A

The worship of many gods

52
Q

What were the sacred texts of Ancient India?

A

Vedas and Upanishads

53
Q

What is Reincarnation?

A

The rebirth of the soul continues until a person reached spiritual perfection.

54
Q

What is Dharma and Karma?

A

Dharma: correct actions for one’s class, helps achieve karma
Karma: How a person lives determines what form the person will take in the next life

55
Q

What is the role of the Caste system?

A

Brahmin–> head & mouth –> priest–> to study and teach the vedas
Kshatryia–>hands/arms–>rulers, warriors, aristocrats, law makers–>to become warriors and learn the laws and government
Vaisya–>thighs–>farmers, herders, and merchants–>farming and giving food to society. Trade products and care livestock
Shudra–>feet–>workers and non pollutant jobs–> manuel labor
Outcastes-the Untouchables/Dalit–>none–>cleaning human/animal waste, sewage, killing pests, skinning animals, and making leather

56
Q

What is Ashima?

A

Non-violence, requires the believer to protect humans, animals, insects, even plants

57
Q

What is moksha?

A

Release from the pain and suffering of rebirth and becoming one with the universal spirit.

58
Q

Who founded Buddhism?

A

Siddhartha Gautama

59
Q

Life Story of Siddhartha Gautama

A

Born 563 BC
Born a prince
He left his wife and son to travel India for an answer
He found his answer and started Buddhism

60
Q

What are the 4 Noble Truths?

A
  1. All people suffer and know sorrow
  2. Desires cause suffering
  3. End suffering by eliminating desires
  4. Eliminate desire by following the Eight fold Path
61
Q

What is the 8 Fold path?

A
  1. Know truth
  2. Resist evil
  3. Say nothing to hurt others
  4. Respect life
  5. Work for the good of others
  6. Free mind from evil
  7. Control your thoughts
  8. Practice mediation
62
Q

Differences between Buddhism and Hinduism

A 
Hinduium- 
Polytheistic
Believes in Karma and Dharma
Only Brahmins can acheive moksha
Vedas are a part of Upanishada
Gupta Empire
Both-
Reincarnation
Respecting Life
Your actions determined your next life
Originated in India
Non-violence
Moksha
Buddahism-
Way of life
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama
Everyone can receive nirvana
Practice meditation
Mauryan
4 Noble Truths
Eight Fold path
63
Q

Accomplishments of Chandragupta Maurya

A
  1. He established a bureaucracy
  2. He established standardized weights and measures
  3. He established stands for physicians

Social Studies (11 decks)

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