Social Studies 11.6 test

Question 1

Why did progressives seek changes?

Answer 1

To make improvements caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization

Question 2

Which groups were involved with the movement?

Answer 2

Democrats, AA’s, whites, women, men, wealthy/middle/working class, Republicans

Question 3

What did AA’s do when they weren’t allowed in clubs/groups?

Answer 3

Created their own organizations and movements to achieve change

Question 4

How were immigrants treated in movement?

Answer 4

targeted for reforms and resented reform efforts many times because of it

Question 5

What role did women play in movement?

Answer 5

middle-class women formed clubs, volunteered, were educated, worked to bring change, raised money for things, end of child labor
Women’s Trade Union League-pay+working conditions 4 women
(Social)

Question 6

What were muckrakers?

Answer 6

journalists who showed the corruption in government and big business

Question 7

How did muckrakers use their jobs to shine a light on negative aspects of society?

Answer 7

wrote magazine articles, took pictures, wrote, wrote novels
Jacob Riis- showed tenements/poverty, people demanded improvements in cities/factories
Ida Tarbell-accused Standard Oil of being a monopoly, worked for AA protections, wanted laws to oversee business practices
Upton Sinclair-wrote stories about horrible life of meatpacking, huge response, President Teddy made changes in meatpacking industry
(Social)

Question 8

Social reforms?

Answer 8

Change in society, women, temperance movement, abolition,

Question 9

What did progressive politics seek to do?

Answer 9

end corruption at state/local/national levels, decrease influence of political machines, make regulations in how politicians made money, direct election of senators, support direct democracy, referendum, initiative and recall, change in voting practices (secret ballots)

Question 10

Examples of settlement houses?

Answer 10

Hull house

Question 11

What was the temperance movement?

Answer 11

wanted people to stop/drink less alcahol
thought it caused crime, poverty, and violence within families, some wanted prohibition laws, mostly middle-class women

Question 12

What is prohibition?

Answer 12

making selling of alcoholic beverages illegal

Question 13

What group wanted to end prohibition? What did they do?

Answer 13

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Question 14

What is women’s suffrage?

Answer 14

The right to vote for women

Question 15

What was some groups that wanted women’s suffrage?

Answer 15

WTCU-women to support prohibition in voting against it
National Women Suffrage Association-wanted to win the vote through a constitutional amendment
American Woman Suffrage Association-gain vote state by state
National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA)-combined of last 2

Question 16

Why did progressives think they deserved the right to vote?

Answer 16

payed taxes + followed laws, educated, to help end political corruption, help other reforms, showed commitment w/ social change

Question 17

What was the 19th Amendment?

Answer 17

All women could vote

Question 18

What was the effects of the 19th Amendment?

Answer 18

Women politicians, women could take public role in society and government

Question 19

What is a trust and it’s reforms?

Answer 19

A number of companies united into one system, and controlled by a single trustee
Reforms: railroad, labor, food, banking

Question 20

Labor reforms

Answer 20

fights between labor unions and corporate bosses, government supported bosses.
Teddy believed that the government should treat labor unions more fairly.

Question 21

What examples support

US government lawsuit against Northern Securities Company

Answer 21

J. P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, James Hill, and E. H. Harriman formed Northern Securities Company. controlled almost all the railroads in the West. President Roosevelt and the federal government used the Sherman Antitrust Act to file a lawsuit to break up the trust. Supreme Court split the Northern Securities Company into separate businesses.

Railroad

Question 22

What examples support

Support of coal mining strike

Answer 22

150,000 coal miners of United Mine Workers went on strike in Pennsylvania, wanted better pay and working conditions.
People supported the coal miners.
Strike could affect coal supplies, many schools and hospitals in eastern cities would have no fuel for the winter if the strike was not settled.

Roosevelt could not legally control the strike.
He asked mine owners and union leaders meet to end fight. (settle by settlement by outside observers. Mine owners refused.
Roosevelt was upset because army would take control of the mines and operate them if not settled.
Asked J. P. Morgan to help settle this strike. Morgan controlled railroads. Railroads needed coal. Morgan succeeded in arranging a deal between the miners and the mine owners. The deal included a pay raise for the miners.

Labor

Question 23

What examples support

Hepburn Railway Act

Answer 23

topped railroad companies from raising rates without government approval

Railroad

Question 24

What is the Food and Drug Act and what supports it?

Answer 24

Pure Food and Drug Act (stopped the manufacture or sale of food and medicine with dangerous ingredients), inspect shipped meats (across state lines), all food and medicine containers needed ingredient labels.

Food

Question 25

What is the Meat Inspection Act and what supports it?

Answer 25

Inspection of meatpacking, Federal Meat Inspection Act (federal agency to inspect all meat shipped across state lines),

Food

Question 26

What is New Nationalism and what supports it?

Answer 26

president acting as caretaker of public welfare, social + economic reforms for the benefit of the poor

Banking

Question 27

Who is Woodrow Wilson?

Answer 27

28th president, Democrat

Question 28

What is the Underwood Tariff Act?

Answer 28

lowered the average rates of tariffs from 40 % to 25%. removed tariffs entirely from sugar, wool, iron ore, and steel.
Allowed prices of those imported goods to compete with similar products of American producers.
Helped American buyers.

Question 29

What is the Federal Reserve Act?

Answer 29

Formed a national banking and currency system.
Twelve Federal Reserve Banks were created that had the ability to issue Federal Bank Notes to trusted private banks.
Federal Bank Notes were the official U.S. currency, like dollar bills. The banks were able to borrow Notes at a fixed rate.
The rate did not rise while the loan was being repaid. This kept the banking system stable.

Question 30

What caused the creation of the Federal Trade Commission?

Answer 30

Thought the United States needed an independent government agency to ensure fair trade practices

In charge of protecting free and fair competition between businesses. It also protected buyers from unfair business practices

Question 31

What is the Clayton Anti-trust Act?

Answer 31

Declared that monopolies were illegal. Prevented businesses from using gaps to act like monopolies.

Question 32

What is the 16th Amendment?

Answer 32

Gave the federal government the power to collect income taxes, gave congress power to set federal tax

Effects: gov no longer had to rely on tarrigs to raise money, payed for roads, bridges, and schools, good for WWI

Question 33

What is the 17th Amendment?

Answer 33

Established the direct election of 2 U.S. senators by the voters in each state
Effects: argued that it gives state power to federal gov, solves problem of crooked behavior in legislative branch, argued that gives citizens power over who represents their state

Question 34

What is the 18th Amendment?

Answer 34

Prohibited the production, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the U.S.
Effects: criminals sold illegal liquor, did not lower alcohol drinking or crime, eventually repealed

Question 35

What is Conservationism?

What is a Preservationist?

Answer 35

Conservationism: wanted people to respect nature
Preservationists: wanted to protect natural areas from use

Question 36

How were the nation’s first national parks created?

Answer 36

Buffalo numbers decreased dramatically which angered Progressive reformers and other people. They pushed for conservation leading to Yellowstone National Park.

Question 37

Roosevelt’s creation of reserves

Answer 37

set aside 194 million acres of forest as national preserves
formed 51 national federal bird reserves and many national game preserves
set up several national parks
supported Reclamation Act of 1902
wanted to prevent overuse of land and water

Question 38

What is the Reclamation Act of 1902?

Answer 38

set up rules for the federal use of land in the West for farming and hydroelectric plants

Question 39

Economic reforms?

Answer 39

Refers to deregulation, or at times to reduction in the size of government, to remove distortions caused by regulations or the presence of government

Question 40

What is realism?

Answer 40

an artistic movement that showed life how it really was

Question 41

What is Initiative?

Answer 41

voters could put forth a new law, citizens signed doc and state legislature/citizens voted on law

Question 42

What is Referendum?

Answer 42

allowed voters to approve or reject a law from their state legislature

Question 43

What is Recall?

Answer 43

Enabled voters to remove a poorly performing political leader from office