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Sensing And Seeing > SS 3 Derm > Flashcards

SS 3 Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Which one causes pruritis
Where are the mites located

A

Sarcoptes causes pruritis; Demodex never causes pruritis

The Démodéx canis mites are deep and will need to cause capillary bleeding to scrap it
Demodex gatoi, Cheyletiella, Sarcoptes are surface scraping

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2
Q

To look at root and tip and shaft of hair to diagnose

A

Trichogram - that looks for the stage of hair follicle
Dermatophytes (hyphae / spores)
Ectoparasites

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3
Q

Worst Area to get a cytology from is

A

A dry area/lesion because cant do impression

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4
Q

Cytology Types and why

A

Cytology:
• Fine Needle Aspirate: neoplasia, tumor plaque, abscess
• Swab: ears/ wet/ nail bed
• Impression: exudative/ crust
• Scotch tape : dry waxy (skin/foot folds)
Heat fix+ DiffQuik (not gram staining)
Mineral oil + Condenser up

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5
Q

Yeast in ear, skin fold, vulva, paw—> identify with cytology

A

Malassezia pachydermatis which is only significant if clinical signs (itching/pruritis)
-if 0.5-1 in high power field

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6
Q

How to tell if
- Staph pseudointermedius
-Pseudomonas aerugenosa
- Simonsiella
is pathogenic

A
  • Staph pseudointermedius
    If it has degenerate neutrophils in cytology

-Pseudomonas aerugenosa (rod on ear or skin cytology)
Always pathogenic

  • Simonsiella bacteria
    Normal in oral cavity and biting bc pruritis
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7
Q

When would you culture even if no organisms are seen on cytology

A

If there are degenerate neutrophils with macrophages and ,lymphocytes

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8
Q

Keratocytes vs corneocytes

A

Keratocytes are nucleated (fat round) and are made in stratum basale of the epidermis and become the dead non-nucleated corneocytes (long skinny) of the stratum corneum
- Shoudl not see keratinocytes on the surface skin

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9
Q

What you’ll see if bacteria

A

Intact pustule
Epidermal Collarette (broken pustule)
Draining tract
Purulent d/c from ears

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10
Q

Inflammatory Cells you’ll see on cytology
Neutrophils
Eonsinophils
Macrophages and lymphocytes
Mast cells
Epithelial cells

A

Neutrophils degenerate : bacterial pyoderma

Neutrophils non-degen: Immune rx, foreign body, pemphigus foliaceues

Eosinophils: Parasites, foriegn body, Mast cell tumor, pemphigus foliaceues

Macrophages and lymphocytes: for more chronic and deeper lesions
• macrophage is vacoulated and degenerate

Mast sparse =parasite/allergy; a lot =tumor

Epithelial cells : Non-nucleated corneocytes = normal on surface; nucleated keratocytes in surface = abnormal epithelial cell turnover

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11
Q

If doing FNA or biopsy of a nodule

A

Give diphenhydramine to avoid problems if its a mast cell that granulates

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12
Q

What fluoresces with a woods lamp? Dermatophyte hint

A

Microsporum canis 50% of time
- only affected hairs fluoresce

Have false neg (iodine/50%) and false positives (sebaceous adenitis)—> use fungal culture with DTM [if red in 3-10 days = dermatophyte ]

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13
Q

What test for collecting fungi from skin?

A

Mackenzie brush technique onto DTM

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14
Q

Which Fungi have both macroconidia and microconidia?

A

The microsporum gypseum and trichophyton mentagrophyte

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15
Q

Tissue culture vs Skin biopsy

A

Both use punch biopsy
With tissue culture it is if nodule or draining tract [its bacteria]
- cut off epidermal layer

Skin biopsy : neoplasia, autoimmune (pemphiphagus), sebaceous adenitis [woods lamp + ddx], pos parasites/bacteria/fungal
- use edge and anesthetic and be careful of the tissue [hypodermic needle]

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16
Q

Stain for cytology

A

DiffQuik: not from gram neg or positive - just to see -purple; bacteria and inflammatory cell composition
Acid Fast for mycobacteria
GMS for cytology of fungi

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17
Q

Fungi in cytology vs in fungal culture

A

GMS stain for fungal in cytology ; but with skin scrape or tape lactophenol cotton blue in fungal culture

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18
Q

Which layer of the epidermidis is thicker at the foot pads, and the nasal planum and mucocutaneous Junction

A

Epidermal spinosum

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19
Q

Keratohyalin granules

A

Are in the stratum grandulosum and have things that help the spinosum cells become the corneum

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20
Q

Adhesion between keratinocytes

A

With adhesion junctions and desmosome

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21
Q

Immune mediated disease that only affects nail beds and claw

A

Symmetric lupoid onychodystrophy
Licking paws, cause lameness, and sloughing, usually affects more than one part in more than one digit
Doxycycline and niacinamide
Brittle claw and sloughing → cycles so its clinically diagnosed

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22
Q

Hair cycle

A

Grows in stages (anagen catagen telegen and POS exogen)
-doodles have long anlagen phase of growing

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23
Q

A bulla or a vesicle

A

Have fluid within that is not Perulent
In large animals, they signify a viral disease
In small animals it’s an auto immune disease
Vesicles are less than .5 cm and are more likely to be in vascular stomatitis or foot and mouth disease.

24
Q

Most common cause of pyoderma

A

Staphylococcus psedintermedius
It causes expanding epidermal collarette
Bacterial folliculitis , bacterial impetigo,  exfoliative, superficial pyoderma

25
Q

What is a thickening, of just the stratum corneum?

A

Hyperkeratosis

26
Q

What is the thickening of the epidermidis fully?

A

Lichenification

27
Q

Linear erosion

A

Excoriation

28
Q

How do you tell the difference between spontaneous versus secondary alopecia?
What test is diagnostic?

A

Trichogram
Whether there’s damage to heir follicles and if it comes off easily

29
Q

Scale versus crust

A

A scale is just stratum corneum
Crust is stratum, corneum and inflammatory cells
So a scale can be a crust, but a crust can’t be a scale

30
Q

What is the most common presentation of pemphigus foliaceous?

A

Crusts which are inflammatory cells, and blood and dried exudate and debris

31
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism or increase steroids causes thinning of skin

A

Steroids, inhibit, fibroblasts from making collagen

32
Q

The difference between short haired dogs and average dogs in bacterial folliculitis pathogenesis

A

In normal dogs first there’ll be a papule, then pustule, then a crust. In the axlla in the medial aspect of the limbs, and on the ventral aspect of the body.

In short hair dogs, there is a spontaneous multifocal alopecia in the trunk and in the extremities

33
Q

What are the specific drugs that you can’t give to staphylococcus pseud intermedius?

A

Give cephalosporins or potentiated amoxicillin, which is amoxicillin and Clavalaunic acid
This is a beta lactamase bacteria, which would make a amoxicillin penicillin, and ampicillin ineffective

The last line of treatment is flora quinolones, like Enrofloxacin or baytral

34
Q

Is a methicillin resistant staph psuedintermediate, more virulent?

A

MRSP is not more virulent than a methicillin susceptible drug

MRSP -resistant to beta iactãamase resistant antibiotics
Mdr- multidrug resistance

35
Q

What is the most common auto immune disease in dogs and cats?

A

Pemphigus foliacelus

36
Q

To diagnose with pemphigus foliaceous what you have to do first

A

You have to rule out pyoderma, which is infectious
In pemphigus foliaceous, you’re going to see non-degenerative neutrophils with acantholytic keratocyles
but no bacteria

37
Q

What disease processes have acantholytic keratinocytes

A

Pyoderma (puppy pyoderma)
Dermatophytosis
Pemphigus foliaceous

38
Q

Treatment for pemphigus, foliaceous, and dogs versus cats

A

Dogs
1 with prednisone, prednisone pulse therapy
2 after 4-6 weeks if it didn’t work, add azanthiopine.
Cat
1 oral HIGHER prednisone therapy
NO PULSE THERPY
2 add cyclosporine or Chlorambucil

Many are euthanized because of poor respond to therapy or bad response to steroids
After three months, if it doesn’t work, then referred to a dermatologist

39
Q

Steroids can cause

A

Diabetes mellitus and
Cutaneous atrophy of the skin which will tear it (fibroblast, not being allowed to create collagen)

40
Q

Alopecia X

A

Root bulb is thinner -unknown cause - falls out bc no anchor

41
Q

Hard to get cytology on dry area

A

Tape prep

42
Q

If dermatology lesions are bilaterally symmetric

A

Systemic problem like hypothyroid or
Pemphigus foliaceus

43
Q

What is always puritic?

A

Scabies and yeast

Demodex does not cause pruritis

44
Q

Seborrhea

A

Excessive scaling - happens with hypothyroidism

45
Q

Will hair falloff spontaneous In hypothyroid

A

’ No needs friction which slows the hair cycle

46
Q

Calcinosis cutis is pathoneumoni2 for

A

Hyperadrendcorism

47
Q

What are the difference with Demodex gatoi?

A

On the stratum conneum, contagious
Need to do superficial skin scrap
Small oval fat

Cause pruritus

48
Q

How to rule out demodex gatoi

A

Treat for a month and see if the pruritis is gone

49
Q

Why does a Positive PCR culture for dermatophytosis not mean that its true

A

Because It may be :
Contamination w fomites
Non-viable spores
Non-clinical

50
Q

In Foot and mouth disease
Amplifying host
Disease indicator
Silent carriers/Maintenance hose

A

Amplifying host - pig
Disease indicator - cattle
Silent carriers/Maintenance host - small ruminant

51
Q

When cytotoxic T cells attack the pigment melanocytes
When cytotoxic T cells attack the stratum basal cells

A

When they attack the melanocytes, it’s uveodermatological syndrome

When they attack the stratum Pezzali cells, it is cutaneous lupus erythematosus

52
Q

Which one is the most deep erosion/ulcer forming auto immune disease?

pemphigus foliaceous
Uveodermatologic syndrome
Autoimmune subepidermal blistering dermatosis
Cutaneous, lupus erythematosus

A

The deepest is the auto immune sub epidermal blistering dermatosis -this attacks the basement membrane anchoring structures separating the epidermis from the dermis

pemphigus foliaceous- attacks the desmosomes in the epidermidis layers
Uveodermatologic syndrome -attacks the melanocytes that transfer of pigment onto the skin and eye which are at the level of the stratum basal cells

Cutaneous, lupus erythematous- attack the stratum basal cells causing apoptosis

53
Q

What is the difference between a scale and a crust?

A

Scale can be a part of a crust, but across can’t be a part of the scale
Scale is just stratum corneum also known as flakes
Crust is inflammatory, cells, fibrin and red blood cells

54
Q

The Epidermal turnover rate refers to

A

The time it takes for cells that are in the stratum basal to differentiate into the cells that are in the CORNEUM

It is usually 25 days for dogs and changes in the cornification process can lead to scales or hyperkeratosis

55
Q

What species is canine primary saborrehia, the most common in

A

Cocker spaniels
Affects the Epidermal turnover rate

Where is ichthyosis affects the intracellular, lipid and stratum corneum

56
Q

When a poodle loses their curly hair and it’s now wavy what auto immune disease would it be?

A

Sebaceous adenitis

It would also start dorsally and then move caudaventrally
Are involves scaling and follicular casts in Long coated breeds like poodles

In short, couldn’t breathe, there is multifocal annular regions of scaling in alopecia - the alopecia is reminiscent of bacterial folliculitis in short haired breeds

57
Q

Do the number of yeast on cytology reflect the severity of disease

A

No it does not

Some dogs with abundant yeast on cytology are asymptomatic with no skin lesions, others with very few yeast exhibit severe skin lesions.

Sensing And Seeing (6 decks)

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