Parasitology

Question 1

What are fleas and lice considered

Answer 1

Insects : So the drug that would work is a neonicotinoid that is imidacloprid

Question 2

When do you want to kill fleas?

Answer 2

Kill the fleas before they lay the egg
When they’re adult and are on the host, they feed mate, and then lay the egg 24 hours after their blood meal

Question 3

Which parasites have all of the life stages be parasitic

Answer 3

Mites and lice

Question 4

Which parasites can be acquired from environmental transmission

Answer 4

Fleas and tick

Question 5

Which parasites can be acquired from direct contact

Answer 5

Mites and lice

Question 6

What parasites are likely with irregular vet care

Answer 6

Lice and Sarcoptes scabies (mite)

Question 7

Which parasites can lead to hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 7

Fleas
flies
Mites - sarcoptes

Question 8

Which mite species has claws, and is also known as walking dandruff

Answer 8

Cheyletiella

Question 9

Miliary dermatitis happens in which to parasitic clinical signs

Answer 9

Mites (Cheyletiella) and flea (FAD)

Question 10

Which is more common, dermatitis due to helminths or protozoa

Answer 10

Protozoa like Leishmania

Dirofilaria immitis is uncommon

Hypersensitivity skin reaction to intestinal helminths is more uncommon

Question 11

What infection is endemic in foxhounds?

Answer 11

Protozoa leishmania the is transmit via fights or genetically or placental

Question 12

Which parasitic species are zoonotic

Answer 12

Cheytiella and leishmania
Mite/protozoa

Question 13

Tick ascending paralysis and facidilty

Answer 13

Toxin made by female tick
Can lead to respiratory paralysis and death
Quick recovery if tick removed because it takes a few days

Question 14

When you see mouth part dorsally

Answer 14

If you see it, dorsally its hard tick

Question 15

What causes alpha gal?

Answer 15

Its the food allergy from lone star tick
Immune reaction the happens to red meat
Amblyomma Americanium

Question 16

What is ornate?

Answer 16

When its a while Pattern
Permacentor caninum
Ambylomma Americaninum

Question 17

Ticks in SA

Answer 17

Dermacentor variabilis
American dog tick -the American way is for the derm center to take variable time

Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick, deer tick

Amblyomma americanum
Lone star tick

Rhipicephalus sanguineus ( hexagon)
Brown dog tick

Haemaphysalis longicornis
Asian longhorned tick

Question 18

Drugs for flea and tick (Environmental)

Answer 18

Pyrethroids (repels), Isoxazolines, Phenylpyrazole (fipronil),
Macrocyclic Lactones

Question 19

Macrocyclic lactones are used as topicals for

Answer 19

Tick fleas and mites

Lice in a large animals

Question 20

When does how fast ectoparasite preventative matter?

Answer 20

With fleas -before they lay egg after blood meal
With Dermacentor variabilis tick that carries b. Burgdorferi that goes to salivary gland in<24 hrs

Question 21

Fluralaner

Answer 21

Isoxazolines - fluralaner is good for ticks
It works for Ixodes, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus -12 months
But Ambylomma Americanum for 8 weeks so have to redose

Question 22

What is the LEAST likely cause that a drug for ectoparasite is not working:
Compliance
Strain variation of drug
A lot of parasites
Not enough drug concentration
Reinfection

Answer 22

Not commonly resistance - first look at the other things

Reinfection can increase parasite load while the drug concentration is lower

Question 23

Fleas in ruminant

Answer 23

Ctenocephalides is a problem in housed ruminants (like C. Felis is with dogs and cats)—> hair coat
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSMISSION

Question 24

Describe the clinical signs and transmission of lice in ruminants

Answer 24

Clinical signs are pruritis and inappetance, alopecia
- immune hypersensitivity with lice
- pos anemia, immunosuppressed, young
- Damage leather

Transmit in winter bc close contact

Question 25

Describe environmental control methods for biting and nuisance flieS

Question 26

Which animal species has no sucking lice

Answer 26

Cats

Question 27

Is it harder to treat, biting lice, or sucking lice?

Answer 27

Biting lice because they are on skin and more common in sheep so we have to shear cool before topical treatment

Question 28

Which animal species has no biting lice

Answer 28

Porcine - only sucking lice

Question 29

Identify which mite species is most common in livestock and pigs

Answer 29

Chorioptes
Presents differently in horses, small ruminants and cattle
Horse : lower body/leg
Small ruminant: lower body/leg and scrotum
Cattle : tail head

Sarcoptes, chorioptes, and psoroptes all reportable mites in cattle

Treatment -macrocyclic lactose is not enough, also have to give topical pyrethrin and OP

Question 30

Describe a program for treatment of pigs for lice and mange

Answer 30

macrocyclic lactone in for lice and mite

Lice= macrocyclic lactone or pyrethrin injection

Sarcoptes mange= ivermectin (macrocyclic lactone) 2 times 2 weeks apart

Question 31

Explain what Gotch Ear is and what causes it

Answer 31

Amblyomma maculatum a tick that attaches to ear

causes cartilage of ear damage : fibrosis and droopy ear

Think and swollen ears bc ticks attach to it

Question 32

One host tick - in large animal

Answer 32

Winter tick - dermacentor albipictus
Spend larval nymph and adult on one animal

Tick from environ
- lower rector capacity

Question 33

Describe environmental control methods for biting and nuisance flies

Answer 33

Keep the stalls and Barnes clean
Avoid rotting hair
Manage manure - hematoma irritants (horn fly) lay eggs in fresh feces, which is easier than stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) that lay egg in decaying feces
Treat the premises with pesticides

With fly control, it can be treated with organophosphates pyrethroids macrocyclic lactones
-Cattle are often treated with pyrethroids and ML
- horses treated with pyrethroid spray

Question 34

Leishmania which version has a better prognosis

Answer 34

Cutaneous leishmania which is localized to the lesion
Visceral is generalize