Sri Lanka background info Flashcards
What is the population of Sri Lanka?
22 million
What is the population of Colombo?
750,000
What is the ethnicity and religion?
75% Sinhalese who are mainly buddhists and 20% Tamils who are mainly Hindu
What is Sri Lanka economy classified as?
Emerging and developing country (EDC)
What are the main exports?
tea, rubber and coconut
In what year did they gain independence?
1948
In which year did the civil war start?
1983
In what year did the civil war end?
2009
Who are the 4 Asian Tigers?
South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong
What is the gini coefficient of Sri Lanka?
0.39
What is the global average of the gini coefficient?
0.65
Which other province is mentioned in social equality?
Batticaloa
What percentage of people work in the tertiary sector in Colombo?
70%
What percentage of people work in the tertiary sector in Batticaloa?
45%
What is the evidence of social inequality in Colombo city?
- Gini Coefficient of 0.46
- Under-Served Settlements
- 50% live in USS
What are the social issues faced in slums?
- Low living standards
- Poor access to education
- Lack of clean water
What are the economic issues faced in slums?
- Low wages
- May be forced to work in the informal sector due to lack of skills
- Cannot afford red or buy so forced to build their own home
- Many don’t have the right to the land in the USS
What are the environmental issues faced in slums?
- Lack of proper sanitation which leads to disease being spread; malaria
- No domestic waste collection is available for 15% of households
- Rotting rubbish increase chance of diseases
What is a top-down approach?
Controlled by governments and international agencies who try to alleviate poverty with large scale strategies
What is a bottom-up approach?
Smaller scale alternative which involves and empowers local communities.
What is the sahaspura development?
14 storey development located on a former USS to rehouse the local slum dwellers
What strategy is the Sahaspura development?
Top down strategy
What were the positive outcomes of the development?
- Have legal ownership of land and so have a proper address
- Can get some children into govt. school
- All flats have a private toilets and electricity
What were the negative outcomes of the development?
- Poor families cannot afford the rent
- The shortfall in the maintenance fund means when problems occur, they are not fixed
- Flats have been poorly built, problems with damp mean that they might not last long
What has been done for the bottom-up strategy?
Gothamipura district
What is the Gothamipura strategy?
Seventh, a non governmental organisation has worked with the residents of the district. They carried out a survey to identify the problems from the residents and found ways to improve by collaborating with Colombo Municipal Council (CMO)
Positives of Gothamipura strategy?
- Everyone getting a better QofL all at once
What are the results of the World Bank?
- 552 active loans
- Cumulative disbursements of sub loans amounting to $24.3 million
What are the results of the TNC Nestle?
- Over Rs 6 billion to the local diary
- 152,000 children educated on nutrition
What are the results of the Asian Development Bank?
- 2 million people provided access to clean water
What are the results of the Sri Lankan Govt.?
- Reducing malnutrition rate of children by 12-15%
- 3 million employment opportunities
